Name : Reviana Kristin Class : XII IPS 4 Date : Friday, 10 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is: subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb conjugated in simple past tense past participle had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. subject auxiliary verb main verb + I had finished my work. + You had stopped before me. - She had not gone to school. - We had not left. ? Had you arrived? ? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example: •They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours. •I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before. We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered: examples: •He told us that the train had left. •I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause: IF clause main clause If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma: main clause IF clause I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional: IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb* main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle *The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam. Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret: Example Explanation If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough. If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game. If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Putra Amirlin Class : XII Social 4 Date : 10 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page. Example : - I hadn't finish my assignment - They had not do that - Had I left you behind The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Ghea Pramudita Muninggar Class : XII IPS 4 Date : Saturday, 11 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
Structure of sentence 1. Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object Examples: He had taken the exam last year A thief had stolen my watch.
2. Negative sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object •Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object “Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence. Examples: He had not taken the exam last year A thief had not stolen my watch.
3. Interrogative sentence • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object • Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had” Examples. Had he taken the exam last year Had a thief stolen my watch?
More Example: 1. Positive sentences They had visited a doctor. He had slept. I had finished my work last year. It had rained heavily last month. The film had started before we reached cinema.
2. Negative sentences They had not visited a doctor. He had not slept. I had not finished my work last year. It had not rained heavily last month. The film had not started before we reached cinema.
3. Interrogative sentences Had they visited a doctor? Had he slept? Had I finished my work last year? Had it rained heavily last month? Had the film started before we reached cinema.
Name : Sri Mahanani Eka Wati Class : XII IPS 4 Date : Saturday, 11 January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE The usage of Past Perfet Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard. Notice that Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table.
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Complited activity: more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). • After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Comlited activit: he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways: a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. • Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” • Repor: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such as sentences. • If only you had told me! • I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. • If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you. • If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Name : Sri Mahanani Eka Wati Class : XII IPS 4 Date : Saturday, 11 January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE The usage of Past Perfet Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard. Notice that Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table.
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Complited activity: more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). • After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Comlited activit: he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways: a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. • Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” • Repor: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such as sentences. • If only you had told me! • I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. • If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you. • If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Name : Cindy Agatha Deden Class : XII IPS 4 Date : Sunday, January 12 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The Past Perfect Tense is used: 1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place. Words usually used with the Past Perfect tense are when and after. Example: They had already finished their dinner when I arrived to join them. Words such as already, just and as soon as are also used with the Past Perfect tense. Example: It had already stopped raining when I bought an umbrella.
2. for an action which happened before a definite time in the past. Example: They had finished their prayers by ten o'clock.
3. for an action which took place and completed in the past. Example: He had hurt his back in an accident at work and he had to stay at home for three months. (The action happened and he suffered the consequences all in the past)
4. for states. Example: They had become good friends for many years after meeting on holiday.
Sometimes the past perfect tense and the past simple tense are used separately in different sentences. Example: This morning we visited John in the hospital. He had just been admitted with stomach pains. The past simple tense precedes the past perfect tense. Notice the action in the past perfect tense happened first.
Past perfect tense used after certain expressions: I knew (that) his brother had gone to work overseas. I didn't know (that) he had stopped smoking. I thought (that) we had got on the wrong train.
Third Conditional Tense
The Third Conditional is a structure for past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened. Example : If I hadn’t eaten so much, I wouldn’t have gotten* so fat.
The if clause is unreal. It did not happen. The result is what would have happened IF the if clause were real: Example : If I hadn’t eaten so much,
Did I eat a lot? Yes, I did. However, I’m imagining what would have happened if I hadn’t eaten so much.
What would have happened if I hadn’t eaten so much? The result: Example : …I wouldn’t have gotten* so fat.
Am I fat now? Yes. I would not be fat now if hadn’t eaten so much in the past. If I ate well in the past, I would not be fat now.
*In American English, ‘gotten’ is used at the past participle of ‘got.’ In British English, ‘gotten’ is not used.
The Third Conditional form: If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES: *the past perfect tense = had + past participle *in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted: I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d
*Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction
Common uses of this sentence structure: 1.What would you have done if … ? What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university? What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help?
2. If I had known… If I had known that you needed help, I would have come! We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed.
3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently.
4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes: If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work! It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
More example sentences: - If I hadn’t gone to the party, I would have never met my husband. - We would have gone out last night if we hadn’t been so tired.
Name : Yunia Riska Anggrahini Class : XII IPS 4 Date : Sunday, January 12 2014
Summary
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfet Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard.
The pattern of The Past Perfect Tense as the following form : (+) S + had + Verb-3/past participle ex : My brother had slept They had come (-) S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle ex : My brother hadn’t slept They hadn’t come (?) had + S + Verb-3/past participle ex : Had my brother come Had they come
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways: a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. • Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” • Reported: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such as sentences. • If only you had told me! • I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. • If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you. • If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional Sentence (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is past conditional sentences. This is a structure for impossible conditional or unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. • I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form : • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITISM (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. CRITISM (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go skiing.
Name : khairunissa Class : XII Social 4 Date : Sunday, January 12’2014
Summary Past Perfect Tense Past perfect use form: had + past participle (+) subject + had +verb 3 + object (-) subject + had + not + verb 3 + object (?) had + subject + verb 3 + object Past perfect tense is used in connection to the past tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began). • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. •Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” •Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. •if only you had told me! •I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. • if Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. •if we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder. Function : The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret Conditional : If Nissa had come to the party, she would have been the wost beautiful girl in the party. Reality : Nissa didn’t came to the party, so she wasn’t the most beautiful girl in the party.
Name : Yulie Amelia Hamidah Class : XII IPS 4 Date : Sunday, January 12 2014
The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time. With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years. They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years. Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary. MOREOVER If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct. Examples: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. HOWEVER If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used. Examples: She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You had previously studied English before you moved to New York. ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. Active Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. Passive
Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III
Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences. Conditional Sentence Type 1 → It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 2 → It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive) Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 3 → It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle) Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. Exceptions Sometimes Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III can also be used with other tenses.
Name : Yulie Amelia Hamidah Class : XII IPS 4 Date : Monday, January 13 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE FORM [had + past participle] The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs) With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Examples: We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary. Example: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. MOREOVER If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct. Examples: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. HOWEVER If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used. Examples: She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You had previously studied English before you moved to New York. ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. Active Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. Passive
Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences. Conditional Sentence Type 1 → It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 2 → It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive) Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 3 → It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle) Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. Exceptions Sometimes Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III can also be used with other tenses.
Name : Laura Wini Febrin Class : XII Social 4 Date : Monday, 13 January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE Definition: The past perfect talks about “action” that has been completed or occur before a certain time or another “action” in the past. It talks about “action” that started in the past and is still in progress at a given time or when other events occur in the past. It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past. Generally when, by the time, before followed by simple past tense forms, whereas after generally followed the past perfect. Time expressions are common: by the time, before, after, when, by, etc. Structure of sentence Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object Examples He had lived here for 10 years when he retired. He had finished his homework before I came. Negative sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object •Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence. Examples He had not lived here for 10 years when he retired. He had not finished his homework before I came. Interrogative sentence • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object • Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened. *The 3rd conditional form: If + past perfect, would have + past participle NOTES: *the past perfect tense = had + past participle *in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted: I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d *Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction. Common uses of this sentence structure: 1.What would you have done if … ? What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university? What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help? What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again? 2. If I had known… If I had known that you needed help, I would have come! If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital. We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed. If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you. I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you! 3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it. If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job. 4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work! It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
Name : Dede Rahayu Class : 12 social 4 Date : monday, january 13 2014
Past Perfect Tense The usage of Past Perfect Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard
Notice that Past Perfect Use form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table in the next page.
(+) S + had + v3 / Past Participle + Object (-) S +had not + v3 / past participle + Object (?) Had + S + v3 / Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past * The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began) *When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). *After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. *Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years." *Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. *If only you had told me! *I wish you had cone with us. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences. *If clara had known the facts, she would have told you. *If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Dede Rahayu Class : 12 social 4 Date : monday, january 13 2014
Past Perfect Tense The usage of Past Perfect Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard
Notice that Past Perfect Use form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table in the next page.
(+) S + had + v3 / Past Participle + Object (-) S +had not + v3 / past participle + Object (?) Had + S + v3 / Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past * The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began) *When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). *After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. *Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years." *Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. *If only you had told me! *I wish you had cone with us. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences. *If clara had known the facts, she would have told you. *If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Maenur Arofah Class : XII social 4 Date : Monday, 13 january 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfet Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard. Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page.
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began). • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) • After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. • Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” • Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. • If only you had told me! • I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. • If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. • If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle* * The modals could and might can also be used for Main Clause.
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Past Perfect Tense when we talk about something that happened in the past we sometimes want to refer back to something that happened befor that time. We can use the . Past Perfect Tense. ( Had+ past participle ) to do this. Look at these two sentences . • John left the house at 7:30 yesterday morning. • Mary rang john’s doorbell at 8:15 yesterday.
But action happened in the past so we use the past simple tenses. But look at how we can combine the sentences. • Mary rang john’s doorbell at 8:15 yesterday but john had already left the house. We use the pas perfect ( had left) because the action happened before another action in the past ( Mary rang the doorbell. )
The past perfect is used because they were at school before he received the letter. It refers to an earlier past. Look at these 2 sentences. • James had cooked breakfast when we got up. • James cooked breakfast when we got up. In thw first sentences, the past perfect tells us that james cooked breakfast before we got up. In the second sentences, first we got up and then cooked breakfast.
Third Conditional sentence We can use the third conditional to talk about “ impossible” conditions, impossible because the ar in the past and we cannot change what has happened. • If I had worked at school, I would have got better grades. • If I had time, would have gone to see him. But I didn’t have time. • If we had caught the earlier train, we would have got there on time but we were late. Notic that the main clause can contain “ would “. “ could or “ might. • If I had seen him at the meeting, I would have asked him. (but he wasn’t there I didn’t.) • If I had seen him at the meeting, I could have a asked him.( but he wasn’t there so it wasn’t possible. ) • If I had seen him at the meeting, I might have asked him.( but I’m not sure.perhaps it the opportunity had arisen.) • If I had paid more attension in class, I would have understood the lesson . Also notice that sometimes the . “ if clause ‘ is implied rather than spoken. • I’d have done it . (“ if you have asked me but you didn’t. “) • I wouldn’t have said that. (“ if I ‘d been there.”) • He wouldn’t have late him get away with that.( “ if he had tried that with me .”)
name : rural aisa sari class: XII IPS 4 Date: 13 january 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE FORM [had + past participle] The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs) With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Examples: We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary. Example: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. MOREOVER If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct. Examples: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. HOWEVER If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used. Examples: She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You had previously studied English before you moved to New York. ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. Active Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. Passive Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences. Conditional Sentence Type 1 → It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 2 → It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive) Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 3 → It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle) Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. Exceptions Sometimes Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III can also be used with other tenses.
Name : Hafirotul Rachmawidia Class : XII IPS 4 Date : 12 Jan 2014 No : 16
The past perfect tense is most often used for the following: - For actions that happened before a past event - In reported speech - In if (conditional) sentences How to form the past perfect | Past perfect continuous For actions that happened before a past event When we want to talk about an action that happened before a past event, we often use the past perfect. Look at these examples: • When I got home yesterday, my father had already cooked dinner. • I didn't want to go to the movies with my friends because I had seen the film already. • My friend offered me an apple in class yesterday, but I wasn't hungry because I had just eaten lunch. • I arrived very late at the party. All my friends had already gone home. • As soon as she had done her homework, she went to bed. • I was very tired as I hadn't slept well for several days. • Had you seen the film before? Notice how often words like already, just, never etc. are used with the past perfect. In reported speech The past perfect is common when we report people's words or thoughts .., as in the following examples: • John said that he had never eaten sushi before. • She told me that she had finished, but I knew she had not. • She wondered why he had been so unkind to her. • He told me he hadn't done his homework, but he was hoping to finish it on the bus. • I thought I had sent her a birthday card, but I was wrong. In if (conditional) sentences The past perfect tense is used in unreal or hypothetical stituations, as in the following sentences: • If I had known you were in Frankfurt, I would have called you. (but I didn't know you were here so I didn't call you!) • If I had had enough money, I would have bought you a better present. (but I didn't have enough money.) • I would have been very angy if you had laughed when I got the answer wrong. (but you didn't laugh, so I wasn't angry.) • She wouldn't have been able to finish, if you hadn't helped her. (but you did help her and she did finish.) • I wish I had studied for my exams. (but I didn't study - and I got bad grades!) • I would have been in big trouble if you hadn't helped me. (but you did help me so I stayed out of trouble.)
Third Conditional sentence We can use the third conditional to talk about “ impossible” conditions, impossible because the ar in the past and we cannot change what has happened. • If I had worked at school, I would have got better grades. • If I had time, would have gone to see him. But I didn’t have time. • If we had caught the earlier train, we would have got there on time but we were late. Notic that the main clause can contain “ would “. “ could or “ might. • If I had seen him at the meeting, I would have asked him. (but he wasn’t there I didn’t.) • If I had seen him at the meeting, I could have a asked him.( but he wasn’t there so it wasn’t possible. ) • If I had seen him at the meeting, I might have asked him.( but I’m not sure.perhaps it the opportunity had arisen.) • If I had paid more attension in class, I would have understood the lesson . Also notice that sometimes the . “ if clause ‘ is implied rather than spoken. • I’d have done it . (“ if you have asked me but you didn’t. “) • I wouldn’t have said that. (“ if I ‘d been there.”) • He wouldn’t have late him get away with that.( “ if he had tried that with me .”)
name :Ibnu Jamaludin Muslim class: XII IPS 4 Date: 13 january 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE FORM [had + past participle] The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs) With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Examples: We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary. Example: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. MOREOVER If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct. Examples: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. HOWEVER If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used. Examples: She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You had previously studied English before you moved to New York. ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. Active Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. Passive Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences. Conditional Sentence Type 1 → It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 2 → It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive) Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 3 → It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle) Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. Exceptions Sometimes Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III can also be used with other tenses.
name :Ibnu Jamaludin Muslim class: XII IPS 4 Date: 13 january 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE FORM [had + past participle] The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs) With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Examples: We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary. Example: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. MOREOVER If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct. Examples: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. HOWEVER If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used. Examples: She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You had previously studied English before you moved to New York. ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. Active Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. Passive Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences. Conditional Sentence Type 1 → It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 2 → It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive) Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 3 → It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle) Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. Exceptions Sometimes Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III can also be used with other tenses.
Name : Evan Janitra Putra Class : 12 social 4 Date : monday, january 13 2014
Past Perfect Tense The usage of Past Perfect Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard
Notice that Past Perfect Use form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table in the next page.
(+) S + had + v3 / Past Participle + Object (-) S +had not + v3 / past participle + Object (?) Had + S + v3 / Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past * The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began) *When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). *After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. *Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years." *Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. *If only you had told me! *I wish you had cone with us. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences. *If clara had known the facts, she would have told you. *If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Miftah Nurhadiansyah Class : XII IPS 4 Date : Saturday, 13 January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE The usage of Past Perfet Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard. Notice that Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table.
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Complited activity: more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). • After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Comlited activit: he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways: a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. • Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” • Repor: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such as sentences. • If only you had told me! • I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. • If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you. • If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
name : Ahmad Chudori class: XII IPS 4 Date: 13 january 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE FORM [had + past participle] The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs) With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Examples: We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary. Example: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. MOREOVER If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct. Examples: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. HOWEVER If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used. Examples: She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You had previously studied English before you moved to New York. ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. Active Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. Passive Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences. Conditional Sentence Type 1 → It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 2 → It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive) Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 3 → It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle) Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. Exceptions Sometimes Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III can also be used with other tenses.
Name :Mohamad riki denyansyah Class : XII Social 4 Date : 13 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page. Example : - I hadn't finish my assignment - They had not do that - Had I left you behind The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : wili aldian Class : XII IPS 4 Date : 13 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
Structure of sentence 1. Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object Examples: He had taken the exam last year A thief had stolen my watch.
2. Negative sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object •Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object “Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence. Examples: He had not taken the exam last year A thief had not stolen my watch.
3. Interrogative sentence • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object • Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had” Examples. Had he taken the exam last year Had a thief stolen my watch?
More Example: 1. Positive sentences They had visited a doctor. He had slept. I had finished my work last year. It had rained heavily last month. The film had started before we reached cinema.
2. Negative sentences They had not visited a doctor. He had not slept. I had not finished my work last year. It had not rained heavily last month. The film had not started before we reached cinema.
3. Interrogative sentences Had they visited a doctor? Had he slept? Had I finished my work last year? Had it rained heavily last month? Had the film started before we reached cinema.
Name : Ari Pambudi Class : XII IPS 4 Date : Monday, 13 January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE The usage of Past Perfet Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard. Notice that Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table.
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Complited activity: more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). • After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Comlited activit: he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways: a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. • Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” • Repor: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such as sentences. • If only you had told me! • I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. • If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you. • If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show
Name : Nofan Adrian Class : XII IPS 4 Date : 13 January 2014
Summary
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfet Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard.
The pattern of The Past Perfect Tense as the following form : (+) S + had + Verb-3/past participle ex : My brother had slept They had come (-) S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle ex : My brother hadn’t slept They hadn’t come (?) had + S + Verb-3/past participle ex : Had my brother come Had they come
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways: a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. • Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” • Reported: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such as sentences. • If only you had told me! • I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. • If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you. • If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional Sentence (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is past conditional sentences. This is a structure for impossible conditional or unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. • I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form : • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITISM (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. CRITISM (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go skiing.
Name : Miftah Nurhadiansyah Class : XII IPS 4 Date : 13 January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE The usage of Past Perfet Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard. Notice that Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table.
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Complited activity: more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). • After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Comlited activit: he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways: a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. • Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” • Repor: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such as sentences. • If only you had told me! • I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. • If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you. • If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Name : Danil Ramadhan Saputra Class : XII social 4 Date : monday, January 13 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The Past Perfect Tense is used: 1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place. Words usually used with the Past Perfect tense are when and after. Example: They had already finished their dinner when I arrived to join them. Words such as already, just and as soon as are also used with the Past Perfect tense. Example: It had already stopped raining when I bought an umbrella.
2. for an action which happened before a definite time in the past. Example: They had finished their prayers by ten o'clock.
3. for an action which took place and completed in the past. Example: He had hurt his back in an accident at work and he had to stay at home for three months. (The action happened and he suffered the consequences all in the past)
4. for states. Example: They had become good friends for many years after meeting on holiday.
Sometimes the past perfect tense and the past simple tense are used separately in different sentences. Example: This morning we visited John in the hospital. He had just been admitted with stomach pains. The past simple tense precedes the past perfect tense. Notice the action in the past perfect tense happened first.
Past perfect tense used after certain expressions: I knew (that) his brother had gone to work overseas. I didn't know (that) he had stopped smoking. I thought (that) we had got on the wrong train.
Third Conditional Tense
The Third Conditional is a structure for past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened. Example : If I hadn’t eaten so much, I wouldn’t have gotten* so fat.
The if clause is unreal. It did not happen. The result is what would have happened IF the if clause were real: Example : If I hadn’t eaten so much,
Did I eat a lot? Yes, I did. However, I’m imagining what would have happened if I hadn’t eaten so much.
What would have happened if I hadn’t eaten so much? The result: Example : …I wouldn’t have gotten* so fat.
Am I fat now? Yes. I would not be fat now if hadn’t eaten so much in the past. If I ate well in the past, I would not be fat now.
*In American English, ‘gotten’ is used at the past participle of ‘got.’ In British English, ‘gotten’ is not used.
The Third Conditional form: If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES: *the past perfect tense = had + past participle *in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted: I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d
*Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction
Common uses of this sentence structure: 1.What would you have done if … ? What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university? What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help?
2. If I had known… If I had known that you needed help, I would have come! We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed.
3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently.
4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes: If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work! It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
More example sentences: - If I hadn’t gone to the party, I would have never met my husband. - We would have gone out last night if we hadn’t been so tired.
Name : Surya Aji Prasetiyo Class : XII IPS 4 Date : 13 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is: subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb conjugated in simple past tense past participle had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. subject auxiliary verb main verb + I had finished my work. + You had stopped before me. - She had not gone to school. - We had not left. ? Had you arrived? ? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example: •They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours. •I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before. We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered: examples: •He told us that the train had left. •I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause: IF clause main clause If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma: main clause IF clause I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional: IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb* main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle *The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam. Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret: Example Explanation If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough. If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game. If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Balivio Helmi Class : XII IPS 4 Date : Monday, 13 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is: subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb conjugated in simple past tense past participle had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. subject auxiliary verb main verb + I had finished my work. + You had stopped before me. - She had not gone to school. - We had not left. ? Had you arrived? ? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example: •They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours. •I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before. We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered: examples: •He told us that the train had left. •I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause: IF clause main clause If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma: main clause IF clause I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional: IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb* main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle *The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam. Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret: Example Explanation If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough. If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game. If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Adryan Ibnu Fiqih Class : XII Social 4 Date : 13 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page. Example : - I hadn't finish my assignment - They had not do that - Had I left you behind The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Chindy Mayang Sari Class : XII social 4 Date : Monday, 13 january 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfet Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard. Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page.
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began). • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) • After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. • Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” • Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. • If only you had told me! • I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. • If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. • If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle* * The modals could and might can also be used for Main Clause.
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Ilyas Firdaus Class : XII IPS 4 Date : Friday, 10 January 2014
> Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page. Example : - I hadn't finish my assignment - They had not do that - Had I left you behind The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
> Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Sarifah Aini Class : XII IPS 4 Date : Sunday, January 12 2014
Summary
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfet Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard.
The pattern of The Past Perfect Tense as the following form : (+) S + had + Verb-3/past participle ex : My brother had slept They had come (-) S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle ex : My brother hadn’t slept They hadn’t come (?) had + S + Verb-3/past participle ex : Had my brother come Had they come
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways: a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. • Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” • Reported: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such as sentences. • If only you had told me! • I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. • If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you. • If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional Sentence (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is past conditional sentences. This is a structure for impossible conditional or unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. • I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form : • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITISM (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. CRITISM (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go skiing.
NAME : Lilo Janur Firmansyah CLASS : XII Social 2 NO : 22 DATE : 13 JANUARY 2014
# Past Perfect Tense
=> Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on this page. Example : - I hadn't left for work - The party hadn’t begun before we arrived - Had I left for work? => The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. - The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) -When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) => The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
# Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle MAIN CLAUSE : Subject+Would+Have+Past Participle*
Example : - If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. - I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : -If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. - I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) : You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) : It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Krisna Aditya Saputra Class : XII IPS 4 Date : Sunday, January 12 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The Past Perfect Tense is used: 1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place. Words usually used with the Past Perfect tense are when and after. Example: They had already finished their dinner when I arrived to join them. Words such as already, just and as soon as are also used with the Past Perfect tense. Example: It had already stopped raining when I bought an umbrella.
2. for an action which happened before a definite time in the past. Example: They had finished their prayers by ten o'clock.
3. for an action which took place and completed in the past. Example: He had hurt his back in an accident at work and he had to stay at home for three months. (The action happened and he suffered the consequences all in the past)
4. for states. Example: They had become good friends for many years after meeting on holiday.
Sometimes the past perfect tense and the past simple tense are used separately in different sentences. Example: This morning we visited John in the hospital. He had just been admitted with stomach pains. The past simple tense precedes the past perfect tense. Notice the action in the past perfect tense happened first.
Past perfect tense used after certain expressions: I knew (that) his brother had gone to work overseas. I didn't know (that) he had stopped smoking. I thought (that) we had got on the wrong train.
Third Conditional sentence We can use the third conditional to talk about “ impossible” conditions, impossible because the ar in the past and we cannot change what has happened. • If I had worked at school, I would have got better grades. • If I had time, would have gone to see him. But I didn’t have time. • If we had caught the earlier train, we would have got there on time but we were late. Notic that the main clause can contain “ would “. “ could or “ might. • If I had seen him at the meeting, I would have asked him. (but he wasn’t there I didn’t.) • If I had seen him at the meeting, I could have a asked him.( but he wasn’t there so it wasn’t possible. ) • If I had seen him at the meeting, I might have asked him.( but I’m not sure.perhaps it the opportunity had arisen.) • If I had paid more attension in class, I would have understood the lesson . Also notice that sometimes the . “ if clause ‘ is implied rather than spoken. • I’d have done it . (“ if you have asked me but you didn’t. “) • I wouldn’t have said that. (“ if I ‘d been there.”) • He wouldn’t have late him get away with that.( “ if he had tried that with me .”)
Name : Aldy Firgiawan Class : XII IPS 4 Date : 13-01-2014
The Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense is most often used for the following: - For actions that happened before a past event - In reported speech - In if (conditional) sentences How to form the past perfect | Past perfect continuous For actions that happened before a past event When we want to talk about an action that happened before a past event, we often use the past perfect. Look at these examples: • When I hot home yesterday, my father had already cooked dinner. • I didn’t want to go to the movies with my friends because I had seen the film already. • My friend offered me an apple in class yesterday, but I wasn’t hungry because I had just eaten lunch. • I arrived very late at the party. All my friends had already gone home. • As soon as she had done her homework, she went to bed. • I was very tired as I hadn’t slept well for several days. • Had you seen the film before? Notice how often words like already, just, never etc. are used with the past perfect. In reported speech The past perfect is common when we report people's words or thoughts .., as in the following examples: • John said that he had never eaten sushi before. • She told me that she had finished, but I knew she had not. • She wondered why he had been so unkind to her. • He told me he hadn’t done his homework, but he was hoping to finish it on the bus. • I thought I had sent her a birthday card, but I was wrong. In if (conditional) sentences The past perfect tense is used in unreal or hypothetical stituations, as in the following sentences: • If I had known you were in Frankfurt, I would have called you. (but I didn't know you were here so I didn't call you!) • If I had had enough money, I would have bought you a better present. (but I didn't have enough money.) • I would have been very angy if you had laughed when I got the answer wrong. (but you didn't laugh, so I wasn't angry.) • She wouldn't have been able to finish, if you hadn't helped her. (but you did help her and she did finish.) • I wish I had studied for my exams. (but I didn't study - and I got bad grades!) • I would have been in big trouble if you hadn't helped me. (but you did help me so I stayed out of trouble.)
Name : Syara Nur'afiat Puteri Eltri Class : 12 Social 2 Date : 13 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
>> Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on this page. Example : - I hadn't left for work - The party hadn’t begun before we arrived - Had I left for work? >> The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. - The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) -When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) >> The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE IF+Subject+Past Participle Subject+Would+Have+Past Participle*
Example : - If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. - I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : -If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. - I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing
Name : Fiyanur Shella Class : XII SOCIAL 4 Date : Sunday, January 13 2014
Summary
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfet Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard.
The pattern of The Past Perfect Tense as the following form : (+) S + had + Verb-3/past participle ex : My brother had slept They had come (-) S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle ex : My brother hadn’t slept They hadn’t come (?) had + S + Verb-3/past participle ex : Had my brother come Had they come
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways: a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. • Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” • Reported: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such as sentences. • If only you had told me! • I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. • If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you. • If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional Sentence (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is past conditional sentences. This is a structure for impossible conditional or unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. • I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form : • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITISM (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. CRITISM (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go skiing.
Name : VINCENSIUS ARDIYANTO Class : XII Social 2 Date : Monday, 13 January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE
The past perfect talks about action that has been completed or occur before a certain time or another action in the past. It talks about action that started in the past and is still in progress at a given time or when other events occur in the past. It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past. Generally when, by the time, before followed by simple past tense forms, whereas after generally followed the past perfect. Time expressions are common: by the time, before, after, when, by, etc.
Structure of sentence
1. Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples She had lived here for 12 years when she retired. She had finished her homework before I came.
2. Negative sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object •Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object *'Not' is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.*
Examples She had not lived here for 10 years when she retired. She had not finished her homework before I came.
3. Interrogative sentence • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object • Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened.
The 3rd conditional form: If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES: *the past perfect tense = had + past participle *in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted: I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction. Common uses of this sentence structure:
• What would you have done if … ? What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university? What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help? What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again?
• If I had known… If I had known that you needed help, I would have come! If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital. We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed. If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you. I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you!
• You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it. If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job.
• You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work! It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
Name : Rendi Mangatur Siagian Class : XII IPS 4 Date : Monday, 13 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense The usage of Past Perfect Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard
Notice that Past Perfect Use form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table in the next page.
(+) S + had + v3 / Past Participle + Object (-) S +had not + v3 / past participle + Object (?) Had + S + v3 / Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past * The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began) *When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). *After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. *Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years." *Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. *If only you had told me! *I wish you had cone with us. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences. *If clara had known the facts, she would have told you. *If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened.
The 3rd conditional form: If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES: *the past perfect tense = had + past participle *in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted: I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction. Common uses of this sentence structure:
• What would you have done if … ? What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university? What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help? What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again?
• If I had known… If I had known that you needed help, I would have come! If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital. We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed. If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you. I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you!
• You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it. If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job.
• You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work! It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking
Name: Maulidatul Musyarofah Class: XII Social 4 Date: Monday, 13 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
For example, I had lived in America. (The sense of time in this sentence refers to a completed action in past and especially a long time ago)
The students had gone before the teacher came. (The first part of sentence “The student has gone” is sentence of past perfect tense, it says about an action which occurred before another action in past which is “the teacher came”. The second part “the teacher came” is sentence of past simple tense. So such a sentence which express an action in past before another action in past comprises two parts where the first part of sentence is past perfect tense)
Rules. Auxiliary verb “had” is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb (past participle) is used as main verb in sentence
Structure of sentence. Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples. He had taken the exam last year A thief had stolen my watch.
Negative sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object •Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence. Examples. He had not taken the exam last year A thief had not stolen my watch.
Interrogative sentence • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object • Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had” Examples. Had he taken the exam last year Had a thief stolen my watch?
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Rizqi Ali firdaus Class : XII IPS 2 Date : Tuesday, january , 14- 2014
Past Perfect Tense The usage of Past Perfect Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard
Notice that Past Perfect Use form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table in the next page.
(+) S + had + v3 / Past Participle + Object (-) S +had not + v3 / past participle + Object (?) Had + S + v3 / Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past * The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began) *When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). *After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. *Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years." *Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. *If only you had told me! *I wish you had cone with us. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences. *If clara had known the facts, she would have told you. *If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Muhamad Heri Yusup Class : XII IPS 2 Date : Tuesday, january , 14- 2014
Past Perfect Tense The usage of Past Perfect Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard
Notice that Past Perfect Use form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table in the next page.
(+) S + had + v3 / Past Participle + Object (-) S +had not + v3 / past participle + Object (?) Had + S + v3 / Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past * The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began) *When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). *After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. *Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years." *Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. *If only you had told me! *I wish you had cone with us. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences. *If clara had known the facts, she would have told you. *If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Muhamad Fikri F. Class : XII IPS 2 Date : Tuesday, january , 14- 2014
Past Perfect Tense The usage of Past Perfect Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard
Notice that Past Perfect Use form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table in the next page.
(+) S + had + v3 / Past Participle + Object (-) S +had not + v3 / past participle + Object (?) Had + S + v3 / Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past * The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began) *When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). *After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. *Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years." *Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. *If only you had told me! *I wish you had cone with us. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences. *If clara had known the facts, she would have told you. *If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : R. Wildan Hidayat Class : XII IPS 2 Date : Tuesday, 14 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is: subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb conjugated in simple past tense past participle had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. subject auxiliary verb main verb + I had finished my work. + You had stopped before me. - She had not gone to school. - We had not left. ? Had you arrived? ? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example: •They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours. •I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before. We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered: examples: •He told us that the train had left. •I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause: IF clause main clause If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma: main clause IF clause I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional: IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb* main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle *The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam. Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret: Example Explanation If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough. If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game. If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing..
Name : Ferry Fernando S. Class : XII Social 2 Date : tuesday, 14 January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE Definition: The past perfect talks about “action” that has been completed or occur before a certain time or another “action” in the past. It talks about “action” that started in the past and is still in progress at a given time or when other events occur in the past. It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past. Generally when, by the time, before followed by simple past tense forms, whereas after generally followed the past perfect. Time expressions are common: by the time, before, after, when, by, etc. Structure of sentence Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object Examples He had lived here for 10 years when he retired. He had finished his homework before I came. Negative sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object •Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence. Examples He had not lived here for 10 years when he retired. He had not finished his homework before I came. Interrogative sentence • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object • Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened. *The 3rd conditional form: If + past perfect, would have + past participle NOTES: *the past perfect tense = had + past participle *in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted: I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d *Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction. Common uses of this sentence structure: 1.What would you have done if … ? What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university? What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help? What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again? 2. If I had known… If I had known that you needed help, I would have come! If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital. We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed. If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you. I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you! 3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it. If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job. 4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work! It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
Name : Setyanasari Class : XII IPS 2 Date : Tuesday, January 14 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object (-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object (?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Dwiki Nadia Widianingrum Class : XII IPS 2 No : 13 Date : Tuesday, January 14 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object (-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object (?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Famela Dian Class : XII IPS 4 No :13 Date : Tuesday, January 14 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object (-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object (?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Anggy Yunita Dianasari Class : XII IPS 2 Date : Tuesday, January 14 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object (-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object (?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : FARADIVA KAFADILLA Class : XII IPS 2 Date : Tuesday, January 14 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object (-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object (?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : UJANG SUPRIYATNO Class : XII IPS 2 Date : Tuesday, January 14 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object (-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object (?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Ayu Sekar Ramadhani Class : XII IPS 2 No : 7 Date : Tuesday, 14 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is an action that happened (and finished) before another action in the past.
Structure of sentence Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Look at the following sentences. Which happened first? We are felt so sick. We took strange medicine
We can only assume that the people in the above situation, first, felt sick and then took strange medicine. However, in English, there is grammar that can make the above situation very clear. It is called the past perfect.
What happened first? What happened second? For example: First: I ate breakfast. Second: I went to school. The answer is = Before I went to school, I had eaten breakfast.
REMEMBER: Both of these activities happened in the past! However, one happened before the other.
What do you notice about the past perfect? First, you should have noticed that the past perfect is the action (had eaten breakfast) that happened BEFORE the other action in the past (went to school).
Third Conditional Sentence
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
If + Subject + Had + Past Participle, + Subject + Modal + Have + Past Participle
Imaginary situations in the past This includes actions that did not happen in the past.
For examples:
• If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine. • If You had gone to the party, you would have met him.
Describes what you would have done differently
Example:
• If I had been you, I would not have bought those shoes. • If I had thought about it, I wouldn't have eaten so much.
Name : Rista Aprilliani Class : XII Social 2 No : 31 Date : Tuesday, 14 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense => Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on this page. Example : - I hadn't left for work - The party hadn’t begun before we arrived - Had I left for work? => The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. - The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) -When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) => The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE : IF+Subject+Past Participle MAIN CLAUSE : Subject+Would+Have+Past Participle*
Example : - If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. - I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : -If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. - I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) : You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) : It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing
Name : Lensary Suseno Puteri Class : XII IPS 2 No : 21 Date : Tuesday, 14 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfect Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard. Notice that Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. (+) Subject + Had + V3/Past Participle + Object (-) Subject + Had not + V3/Past Participle + Object (?) Had + Subject + V3/Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and show than activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. -> The Party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrive -- before the party began). -> When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). -> After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. -> Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years." -> Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expression such "if" only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. -> If only you had told me! -> I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. -> If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. -> If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditional, a Third Conditional Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and main clause. ->IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle -> MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would + have + Past Participle (the modals could and might can also be used for Main Clause)
If the "if" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : -> If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. -> I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form : -> If I'd studied harder, I probably wouldn't passed the exam. -> I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. -> CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. -> CRITICISM (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
-> CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. -> REGRET (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Jelita Indriani Sari Class : XII IPS 2 Date : Wednesday, January 15 2014
Past perfect tense It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
For example, I had lived in America. (The sense of time in this sentence refers to a completed action in past and especially a long time ago)
The students had gone before the teacher came. (The first part of sentence “The student has gone” is sentence of past perfect tense, it says about an action which occurred before another action in past which is “the teacher came”. The second part “the teacher came” is sentence of past simple tense. So such a sentence which express an action in past before another action in past comprises two parts where the first part of sentence is past perfect tense)
Rules. Auxiliary verb “had” is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb (past participle) is used as main verb in sentence
Structure of sentence. Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples. He had taken the exam last year A thief had stolen my watch.
Negative sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object •Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence. Examples. He had not taken the exam last year A thief had not stolen my watch.
Interrogative sentence • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object • Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had” Examples. Had he taken the exam last year Had a thief stolen my watch?
Third Conditional: no possibility
The first conditional and second conditionals talk about the future. With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. • I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form : • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
conditional : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. critism (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. conditional : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. critism (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go skiing.
Name : Riva Noor Lestari Class : XII IPS 2 Date : wednesday, January 15 2014
Past perfect tense It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
For example, I had lived in America. (The sense of time in this sentence refers to a completed action in past and especially a long time ago)
The students had gone before the teacher came. (The first part of sentence “The student has gone” is sentence of past perfect tense, it says about an action which occurred before another action in past which is “the teacher came”. The second part “the teacher came” is sentence of past simple tense. So such a sentence which express an action in past before another action in past comprises two parts where the first part of sentence is past perfect tense)
Rules. Auxiliary verb “had” is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb (past participle) is used as main verb in sentence
Structure of sentence. Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples. He had taken the exam last year A thief had stolen my watch.
Negative sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object •Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence. Examples. He had not taken the exam last year A thief had not stolen my watch.
Interrogative sentence • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object • Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had” Examples. Had he taken the exam last year Had a thief stolen my watch?
Third Conditional: no possibility
The first conditional and second conditionals talk about the future. With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. • I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form : • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
conditional : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. critism (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. conditional : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. critism (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go skiing.
Name : Annisa Windyana W Class : XII IPS 2 No : 05 Date : Wednesday,January 15 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object (-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object (?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Arti Harini Class : XII IPS 2 No : 06 Date : Wednesday, January 15 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object (-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object (?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Novi Nurhadiyanti Class : XII IPS 2 No : 27 Date : Wednesday, January 15 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object (-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object (?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Dian Dwi Haryanti Class : XII IPS 2 No : 09 Date : Wednesday, January 15 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object (-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object (?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Ilya Nur Arifin Class : XII IPS 2 No : 17 Date : Wednesday, January 15 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object (-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object (?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Nur Halimah Class : XII IPS 2 No : 28 Date : Wednesday, January 15 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object (-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object (?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Moch. Sandi Alfansuri Class : XII IPS 2 Date : wednesday, 15 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is: subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb conjugated in simple past tense past participle had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. subject auxiliary verb main verb + I had finished my work. + You had stopped before me. - She had not gone to school. - We had not left. ? Had you arrived? ? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example: •They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours. •I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before. We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered: examples: •He told us that the train had left. •I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause: IF clause main clause If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma: main clause IF clause I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional: IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb* main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle *The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam. Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret: Example Explanation If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough. If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game. If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Andi Armansyah Class : XII IPS 2 Date : Wednesday, 15 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is: subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb conjugated in simple past tense past participle had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. subject auxiliary verb main verb + I had finished my work. + You had stopped before me. - She had not gone to school. - We had not left. ? Had you arrived? ? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example: •They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours. •I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before. We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered: examples: •He told us that the train had left. •I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause: IF clause main clause If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma: main clause IF clause I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional: IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb* main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle *The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam. Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret: Example Explanation If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough. If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game. If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Dicky Syarief Sulaiman Class : XII IPS 2 Date : 15 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is: subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb conjugated in simple past tense past participle had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. subject auxiliary verb main verb + I had finished my work. + You had stopped before me. - She had not gone to school. - We had not left. ? Had you arrived? ? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example: •They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours. •I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before. We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered: examples: •He told us that the train had left. •I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause: IF clause main clause If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma: main clause IF clause I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional: IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb* main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle *The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam. Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret: Example Explanation If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough. If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game. If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Nur Hasanah Class : XII IPS 2 No : 29 Date : 15 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is an action that happened (and finished) before another action in the past.
Structure of sentence Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Look at the following sentences. Which happened first? We are felt so sick. We took strange medicine
We can only assume that the people in the above situation, first, felt sick and then took strange medicine. However, in English, there is grammar that can make the above situation very clear. It is called the past perfect.
What happened first? What happened second? For example: First: I ate breakfast. Second: I went to school. The answer is = Before I went to school, I had eaten breakfast.
REMEMBER: Both of these activities happened in the past! However, one happened before the other.
What do you notice about the past perfect? First, you should have noticed that the past perfect is the action (had eaten breakfast) that happened BEFORE the other action in the past (went to school).
Third Conditional Sentence
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
If + Subject + Had + Past Participle, + Subject + Modal + Have + Past Participle
Imaginary situations in the past This includes actions that did not happen in the past.
For examples:
• If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine. • If You had gone to the party, you would have met him.
Describes what you would have done differently
Example:
• If I had been you, I would not have bought those shoes. • If I had thought about it, I wouldn't have eaten so much.
Name : Ita Purnamasari Class : XII Social 2 No : 18 Date : Wednesday, 15 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is an action that happened (and finished) before another action in the past.
Structure of sentence Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Look at the following sentences. Which happened first? We are felt so sick. We took strange medicine
We can only assume that the people in the above situation, first, felt sick and then took strange medicine. However, in English, there is grammar that can make the above situation very clear. It is called the past perfect.
What happened first? What happened second? For example: First: I ate breakfast. Second: I went to school. The answer is = Before I went to school, I had eaten breakfast.
REMEMBER: Both of these activities happened in the past! However, one happened before the other.
What do you notice about the past perfect? First, you should have noticed that the past perfect is the action (had eaten breakfast) that happened BEFORE the other action in the past (went to school).
Third Conditional Sentence
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
If + Subject + Had + Past Participle, + Subject + Modal + Have + Past Participle
Imaginary situations in the past This includes actions that did not happen in the past.
For examples:
• If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine. • If You had gone to the party, you would have met him.
Describes what you would have done differently
Example:
• If I had been you, I would not have bought those shoes. • If I had thought about it, I wouldn't have eaten so much.
Nama : Vina Nirma Suhastin Class : XII IPS 2 No : 38 Date : Wednesday, 15 January 2013
Past Perfect Tense
It is an action that happened (and finished) before another action in the past.
Structure of sentence Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Look at the following sentences. Which happened first? We are felt so sick. We took strange medicine
We can only assume that the people in the above situation, first, felt sick and then took strange medicine. However, in English, there is grammar that can make the above situation very clear. It is called the past perfect.
What happened first? What happened second? For example: First: I ate breakfast. Second: I went to school. The answer is = Before I went to school, I had eaten breakfast.
REMEMBER: Both of these activities happened in the past! However, one happened before the other.
What do you notice about the past perfect? First, you should have noticed that the past perfect is the action (had eaten breakfast) that happened BEFORE the other action in the past (went to school).
Third Conditional Sentence
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
If + Subject + Had + Past Participle, + Subject + Modal + Have + Past Participle
Imaginary situations in the past This includes actions that did not happen in the past.
For examples:
• If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine. • If You had gone to the party, you would have met him.
Describes what you would have done differently
Example:
• If I had been you, I would not have bought those shoes. • If I had thought about it, I wouldn't have eaten so much.
Name: Dewi Cahya Wulan Class: XII Social 2 No: 8 Date: January 15th 2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is an action that happened (and finished) before another action in the past.
Structure of sentence Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Look at the following sentences. Which happened first? We are felt so sick. We took strange medicine
We can only assume that the people in the above situation, first, felt sick and then took strange medicine. However, in English, there is grammar that can make the above situation very clear. It is called the past perfect.
What happened first? What happened second? For example: First: I ate breakfast. Second: I went to school. The answer is = Before I went to school, I had eaten breakfast.
REMEMBER: Both of these activities happened in the past! However, one happened before the other.
What do you notice about the past perfect? First, you should have noticed that the past perfect is the action (had eaten breakfast) that happened BEFORE the other action in the past (went to school).
Third Conditional Sentence
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
If + Subject + Had + Past Participle, + Subject + Modal + Have + Past Participle
Imaginary situations in the past This includes actions that did not happen in the past.
For examples:
• If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine. • If You had gone to the party, you would have met him.
Describes what you would have done differently
Example:
• If I had been you, I would not have bought those shoes. • If I had thought about it, I wouldn't have eaten so much.
NAME : Nivan Yuslian CLASS : XII Social 2 NO : 26 DATE : 15 JANUARY 2014
# Past Perfect Tense
=> Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on this page. Example : - I hadn't left for work - The party hadn’t begun before we arrived - Had I left for work? => The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. - The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) -When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) => The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
# Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle MAIN CLAUSE : Subject+Would+Have+Past Participle*
Example : - If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. - I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : -If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. - I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) : You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) : It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
NAME : Nivan Yuslian CLASS : XII Social 2 NO : 26 DATE : 15 JANUARY 2014
# Past Perfect Tense
=> Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on this page. Example : - I hadn't left for work - The party hadn’t begun before we arrived - Had I left for work? => The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. - The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) -When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) => The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
# Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle MAIN CLAUSE : Subject+Would+Have+Past Participle*
Example : - If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. - I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : -If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. - I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) : You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) : It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Vivi Mar'atul Qibtiyah Class : XII Social 2 Date : 15 January 2014 No : 40
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. (+) Subject + Had + V3/Past Participle + Object (-) Subject + Had not + V3/Past Participle + Object (?) Had + Subject + V3/Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and show than activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. -> The Party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrive -- before the party began). -> When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). -> After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. -> Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years." -> Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expression such "if" only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. -> If only you had told me! -> I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. -> If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. -> If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditional, a Third Conditional Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and main clause. ->IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle -> MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would + have + Past Participle (the modals could and might can also be used for Main Clause)
If the "if" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : -> If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. -> I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form : -> If I'd studied harder, I probably wouldn't passed the exam. -> I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. -> CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. -> CRITICISM (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
-> CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. -> REGRET (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
NAME : DIRMAN RIYADI CLASS : XII SOCIAL 2 NO : 12 DATE : 15 JANUARY 2014
Past Perfect Tense => Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on this page. Example : - I hadn't left for work - The party hadn’t begun before we arrived - Had I left for work? => The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. - The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) -When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) => The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE : IF+Subject+Past Participle MAIN CLAUSE : Subject+Would+Have+Past Participle*
Example : - If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. - I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : -If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. - I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) : You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) : It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing
Name : Jaka sanjaya Class : XII IPS 2 Date : 15 January 2014 No : 19 PAST PERFECT TENSE The usage of Past Perfet Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard. Notice that Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table.
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Complited activity: more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). • After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Comlited activit: he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways: a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. • Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” • Repor: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such as sentences. • If only you had told me! • I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. • If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you. • If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional Sentence (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is past conditional sentences. This is a structure for impossible conditional or unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. • I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form : • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
Name : Ratih Yuni Pratiwi Class : XII Social 3 Date : Thursday, 16th January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE Definition: The past perfect talks about “action” that has been completed or occur before a certain time or another “action” in the past. It talks about “action” that started in the past and is still in progress at a given time or when other events occur in the past. It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past. Generally when, by the time, before followed by simple past tense forms, whereas after generally followed the past perfect. Time expressions are common: by the time, before, after, when, by, etc. Structure of sentence Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object Examples He had lived here for 10 years when he retired. He had finished his homework before I came. Negative sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object •Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence. Examples He had not lived here for 10 years when he retired. He had not finished his homework before I came. Interrogative sentence • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object • Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened. *The 3rd conditional form: If + past perfect, would have + past participle NOTES: *the past perfect tense = had + past participle *in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted: I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d *Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction. Common uses of this sentence structure: 1.What would you have done if … ? What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university? What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help? What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again? 2. If I had known… If I had known that you needed help, I would have come! If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital. We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed. If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you. I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you! 3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it. If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job. 4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work! It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
Name : Weni Yulianingsih Class : XII Social 3 Date : Thursday, 16th January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE Definition: The past perfect talks about “action” that has been completed or occur before a certain time or another “action” in the past. It talks about “action” that started in the past and is still in progress at a given time or when other events occur in the past. It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past. Generally when, by the time, before followed by simple past tense forms, whereas after generally followed the past perfect. Time expressions are common: by the time, before, after, when, by, etc. Structure of sentence Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object Examples He had lived here for 10 years when he retired. He had finished his homework before I came. Negative sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object •Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence. Examples He had not lived here for 10 years when he retired. He had not finished his homework before I came. Interrogative sentence • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object • Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened. *The 3rd conditional form: If + past perfect, would have + past participle NOTES: *the past perfect tense = had + past participle *in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted: I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d *Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction. Common uses of this sentence structure: 1.What would you have done if … ? What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university? What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help? What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again? 2. If I had known… If I had known that you needed help, I would have come! If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital. We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed. If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you. I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you! 3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it. If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job. 4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work! It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
Name : Fajar Hidayatulloh Class : XII Social 3 Date : Thursday, 16th January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE Definition: The past perfect talks about “action” that has been completed or occur before a certain time or another “action” in the past. It talks about “action” that started in the past and is still in progress at a given time or when other events occur in the past. It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past. Generally when, by the time, before followed by simple past tense forms, whereas after generally followed the past perfect. Time expressions are common: by the time, before, after, when, by, etc. Structure of sentence Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object Examples He had lived here for 10 years when he retired. He had finished his homework before I came. Negative sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object •Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence. Examples He had not lived here for 10 years when he retired. He had not finished his homework before I came. Interrogative sentence • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object • Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened. *The 3rd conditional form: If + past perfect, would have + past participle NOTES: *the past perfect tense = had + past participle *in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted: I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d *Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction. Common uses of this sentence structure: 1.What would you have done if … ? What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university? What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help? What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again? 2. If I had known… If I had known that you needed help, I would have come! If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital. We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed. If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you. I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you! 3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it. If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job. 4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work! It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
Name : Dicky Oktavian Class : XII IPS 2 Date : Thursday, 16 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is: subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb conjugated in simple past tense past participle had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. subject auxiliary verb main verb + I had finished my work. + You had stopped before me. - She had not gone to school. - We had not left. ? Had you arrived? ? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example: •They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours. •I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before. We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered: examples: •He told us that the train had left. •I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause: IF clause main clause If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma: main clause IF clause I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional: IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb* main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle *The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam. Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret: Example Explanation If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough. If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game. If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Ahmad Farhan Class : XII IPS 2 Date : Thursday, 16 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is: subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb conjugated in simple past tense past participle had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. subject auxiliary verb main verb + I had finished my work. + You had stopped before me. - She had not gone to school. - We had not left. ? Had you arrived? ? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example: •They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours. •I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before. We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered: examples: •He told us that the train had left. •I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause: IF clause main clause If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma: main clause IF clause I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional: IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb* main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle *The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam. Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret: Example Explanation If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough. If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game. If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
AM Name : imam nugroho Class : XII social 3 Date : 16 january 2014 Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page. Example : - I hadn't finish my assignment - They had not do that - Had I left you behind The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show. Third Conditional Sentence 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder. 2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
AM Name : kristoforus marta perdana Class : XII Social 3 Date : 16 january 2014 Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page. Example : - I hadn't finish my assignment - They had not do that - Had I left you behind The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show. Third Conditional Sentence 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder. 2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have goune skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
AM Name : cahya dharmawan Class : XII Social 3 Date : 16 january 2014 Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page. Example : - I hadn't finish my assignment - They had not do that - Had I left you behind The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show. Third Conditional Sentence 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder. 2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
AM Name : teguh afriansyah Class : XII Social 3 Date : 16 january 2014 Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page. Example : - I hadn't finish my assignment - They had not do that - Had I left you behind The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show. Third Conditional Sentence 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder. 2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
name : Hermawan andhi Class : XII Social 3 Date : 16 january 2014 Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page. Example : - I hadn't finish my assignment - They had not do that - Had I left you behind The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show. Third Conditional Sentence 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder. 2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : denny apriansyah Class : XII Social 3 Date : 17 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page. Example : - I hadn't finish my assignment - They had not do that - Had I left you behind The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : andes sugiarto Class : XII Social 3 Date : 17 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page. Example : - I hadn't finish my assignment - They had not do that - Had I left you behind The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : matius hangoluan Class : XII Social 3 Date : 17 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page. Example : - I hadn't finish my assignment - They had not do that - Had I left you behind The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Reza Guevara Ning Class : XII Social 3 Date : Friday, 17 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page. Example : - I hadn't finish my assignment - They had not do that - Had I left you behind The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Lyla Arum Nalangsi Putri Class : XII Social 3 Date : January 17 2014 Past perfect tense It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
For example, I had lived in America. (The sense of time in this sentence refers to a completed action in past and especially a long time ago)
The students had gone before the teacher came. (The first part of sentence “The student has gone” is sentence of past perfect tense, it says about an action which occurred before another action in past which is “the teacher came”. The second part “the teacher came” is sentence of past simple tense. So such a sentence which express an action in past before another action in past comprises two parts where the first part of sentence is past perfect tense)
Rules. Auxiliary verb “had” is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb (past participle) is used as main verb in sentence
Structure of sentence. Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples. He had taken the exam last year A thief had stolen my watch.
Negative sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object •Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence. Examples. He had not taken the exam last year A thief had not stolen my watch.
Interrogative sentence • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object • Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had” Examples. Had he taken the exam last year Had a thief stolen my watch?
Third Conditional: no possibility
The first conditional and second conditionals talk about the future. With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. • I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form : • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
conditional : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. critism (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. conditional : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. critism (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go skiing.
Name : Linda Romandhani Class : XII IPS 3 Date : Friday, 17 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The Past Perfect Tense is used: 1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place. Words usually used with the Past Perfect tense are when and after. Example: They had already finished their dinner when I arrived to join them. Words such as already, just and as soon as are also used with the Past Perfect tense. Example: It had already stopped raining when I bought an umbrella.
2. for an action which happened before a definite time in the past. Example: They had finished their prayers by ten o'clock.
3. for an action which took place and completed in the past. Example: He had hurt his back in an accident at work and he had to stay at home for three months. (The action happened and he suffered the consequences all in the past)
4. for states. Example: They had become good friends for many years after meeting on holiday.
Sometimes the past perfect tense and the past simple tense are used separately in different sentences. Example: This morning we visited John in the hospital. He had just been admitted with stomach pains. The past simple tense precedes the past perfect tense. Notice the action in the past perfect tense happened first.
Past perfect tense used after certain expressions: I knew (that) his brother had gone to work overseas. I didn't know (that) he had stopped smoking. I thought (that) we had got on the wrong train.
Third Conditional Tense
The Third Conditional is a structure for past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened. Example : If I hadn’t eaten so much, I wouldn’t have gotten* so fat.
The if clause is unreal. It did not happen. The result is what would have happened IF the if clause were real: Example : If I hadn’t eaten so much,
Did I eat a lot? Yes, I did. However, I’m imagining what would have happened if I hadn’t eaten so much.
What would have happened if I hadn’t eaten so much? The result: Example : …I wouldn’t have gotten* so fat.
Am I fat now? Yes. I would not be fat now if hadn’t eaten so much in the past. If I ate well in the past, I would not be fat now.
*In American English, ‘gotten’ is used at the past participle of ‘got.’ In British English, ‘gotten’ is not used.
The Third Conditional form: If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES: *the past perfect tense = had + past participle *in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted: I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d
*Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction
Common uses of this sentence structure: 1.What would you have done if … ? What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university? What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help?
2. If I had known… If I had known that you needed help, I would have come! We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed.
3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently.
4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes: If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work! It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
More example sentences: - If I hadn’t gone to the party, I would have never met my husband. - We would have gone out last night if we hadn’t been so tired
Name : Sherly Sharon Sianturi Class :XII Social 3 Date : Friday, January 17 2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is an action that happened (and finished) before another action in the past.
Structure of sentence Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Look at the following sentences. Which happened first? We are felt so sick. We took strange medicine
We can only assume that the people in the above situation, first, felt sick and then took strange medicine. However, in English, there is grammar that can make the above situation very clear. It is called the past perfect.
What happened first? What happened second? For example: First: I ate breakfast. Second: I went to school. The answer is = Before I went to school, I had eaten breakfast.
REMEMBER: Both of these activities happened in the past! However, one happened before the other.
What do you notice about the past perfect? First, you should have noticed that the past perfect is the action (had eaten breakfast) that happened BEFORE the other action in the past (went to school).
Third Conditional Sentence
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
If + Subject + Had + Past Participle, + Subject + Modal + Have + Past Participle
Imaginary situations in the past This includes actions that did not happen in the past.
For examples:
• If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine. • If You had gone to the party, you would have met him.
Describes what you would have done differently
Example:
• If I had been you, I would not have bought those shoes. • If I had thought about it, I wouldn't have eaten so much
Name :MUHAMMAD RIZAL SYAUQI AMIN Class :XII SOCIAL 3 Date :January 17,Friday 2014
THE PAST PERFECT TENSE This is the action that occurs and has been finished, and there are other actions
FORM [ had + past participle ]
EXAMPLES:
You had studied English before you moved to New York. When I woke up this morning, my roommate had left already. After I had eaten my dinner, I went to see a movie.
The past perfect tense is used to refer to actions that took place and were completed in the past. The past perfect is often used to emphasize that one action, event or condition ended before another past action, event, or condition began.
Each of the highlighted verbs in the following sentences is in the past perfect.
Angelo arrived at 5:00 p.m. but Mr. Kintanar had closed the store.
- All the events in this sentence took place in the past, but the act of closing the store takes place before Angelo arrives at the store.
After we located the restaurant that Keith had raved about, we ate supper there every Friday.
- Here the praise ("had raved") precedes the finding ("located") of the restaurant. Both actions took place sometime before the moment of speaking or writing.
The elephant had eaten all the hay so we fed it oats for a week.
- In this sentence, both actions take place in the past, but the eating of the hay ("had eaten") preceded the eating of the oats ("fed").
The heat wave had lasted three weeks.
- While the sentence "The heat wave has lasted three weeks" suggests that a condition began in the past and continues into the present, this sentence describes an action that began and ended sometime in the past ("had lasted"). By using the the past perfect the writer indicates that the heat wave has no connection to any events occurring in the present.
After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent.
- Here the learning took place and was completed at a specific time in the past. By using the past perfect rather than the simple past ("learned"), the writer emphasizes that the learning preceded the feeling of independence.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional Sentence is past conditional sentences. This is a structure for impossible conditional or unreal situation in the past.
The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. • I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form : • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a car. CRITISM (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a car. CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone fishing. CRITISM (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go fishing.
Name : Winda Dwi Agustiani Class :XII Social 3 Date : Friday, 17-01-2014
Past Perfect Tense When we talk about something that happened in the past we sometimes want to refer back to something that happened before that time. We can use the past perfect tense Positive: S + had + V3 Negative: S + had + not + V3 Introgative: Had + S + V3
Example: (+) My brother had slept (+) They had come ( - ) My brother hadn’t slept ( - ) They hadn’t come (?) Had my brother come? (?) Had they come?
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. To replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : Tino said, “I have worked hard all year.” - Reported : Tino said that he had worked hard all year. b. In certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only,wish,would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. In certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If I had enough time yesterday, I could have gone to the zoo.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. If clause : If + Subject + Past Perfect Main clause : Subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + Past Participle If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Examples : - If he had worked harder, he would have been a success man. - He probably would have been a success man if he had worked harder. (Reality : He failed, because he didn’t work hard enough).
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret. Conditional : If I had enough money last night, I could have gone to the concert. Reality : I didn’t have enough money last night, so I couldn’t go to the concert.
Name : Marisa Gustiani Putri Class : XII Social 3 Date : Friday, 17 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. The structure of the Past Perfect Tense is : subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb Examples : - Silverfinger had taken the pill before the team reached him. (First: He took the pill. Next: The team reached him.) - I had called police before I investigated the noise in the garden. (First: I called the police. Next: I investigated the noise.) - The weather changed, but the team had planned its next move. (First: The team planned. Next: The weather changed.)
For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Examples : ( - ) Silverfinger had not taken the pill before the team reached him. ( - ) I had not called police before I investigated the noise in the garden. ( - ) The weather changed, and the team had not planned its next move. ( ? ) Had Silverfinger taken the pill before the team reached him? ( ? ) Had the team planned its next move before the weather changed?
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. To replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : Tino said, “I have worked hard all year.” - Reported : Tino said that he had worked hard all year. b. In certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only,wish,would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. In certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If I had enough time yesterday, I could have gone to the zoo.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. If clause : If + Subject + Past Perfect Main clause : Subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Examples : - If he had worked harder, he would have been a success man. - He probably would have been a success man if he had worked harder. (Reality : He failed, because he didn’t work hard enough).
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret. Conditional : If I had enough money last night, I could have gone to the concert. Reality : I didn’t have enough money last night, so I couldn’t go to the concert.
Name : Via Anggria Wisanti Class : XII Social 3 Date : Friday, 17-01-2014
Past Perfect Tense When we talk about something that happened in the past we sometimes want to refer back to something that happened before that time. We can use the past perfect tense. Past perfect tense from auxiliary verb “had”, and past participle (verb-3).
Positive: S + had + V3 Negative: S + had + not + V3 Introgative: Had + S + V3
Examples : (+) When Mrs Brown opened the washing machine she realised she had washed the cat. I got a letter from Jim last week. We had been at school together but we had lost touch with each other. (-) When Mrs Brown opened the washing machine she realised she hadn’t washed the cat. I got a letter from Jim last week. We had been at school together and we hadn’t lost touch with each other (?) Had Mrs Brown wash the cat? Had they lost touch with each other?
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. To replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : Tino said, “I have worked hard all year.” - Reported : Tino said that he had worked hard all year. b. In certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only,wish,would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. In certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If I had enough time yesterday, I could have gone to the zoo.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. If clause : If + Subject + Past Perfect Main clause : Subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + Past Participle If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Examples : - If he had worked harder, he would have been a success man. - He probably would have been a success man if he had worked harder. (Reality : He failed, because he didn’t work hard enough).
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret. Conditional : If I had enough money last night, I could have gone to the concert. Reality : I didn’t have enough money last night, so I couldn’t go to the concert.
Name: Astri Amalia Class : xii social 3 Date: saturday,18-01-2014
Past Perfect Tense Past perfect use form: had + past participle (+) subject + had +verb 3 + object (-) subject + had + not + verb 3 + object (?) had + subject + verb 3 + object Past perfect tense is used in connection to the past tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began). • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. •Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” •Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. •if only you had told me! •I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. • if Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. •if we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder. Function : The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret Conditional : If Nissa had come to the party, she would have been the wost beautiful girl in the party. Reality : Nissa didn’t came to the party, so she wasn’t the most beautiful girl in the party.
Name:meliyana eka sari Class: xii social 3 Date: saturday18-01-2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is an action that happened (and finished) before another action in the past.
Structure of sentence Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Look at the following sentences. Which happened first? We are felt so sick. We took strange medicine
We can only assume that the people in the above situation, first, felt sick and then took strange medicine. However, in English, there is grammar that can make the above situation very clear. It is called the past perfect.
What happened first? What happened second? For example: First: I ate breakfast. Second: I went to school. The answer is = Before I went to school, I had eaten breakfast.
REMEMBER: Both of these activities happened in the past! However, one happened before the other.
What do you notice about the past perfect? First, you should have noticed that the past perfect is the action (had eaten breakfast) that happened BEFORE the other action in the past (went to school).
Third Conditional Sentence
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
If + Subject + Had + Past Participle, + Subject + Modal + Have + Past Participle
Imaginary situations in the past This includes actions that did not happen in the past.
For examples:
• If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine. • If You had gone to the party, you would have met him.
Describes what you would have done differently
Example:
• If I had been you, I would not have bought those shoes. • If I had thought about it, I wouldn't have eaten so much
Name: Aditya Prayoga Class : xii social 3 Date: saturday,18-01-2014
Past Perfect Tense Past perfect use form: had + past participle (+) subject + had +verb 3 + object (-) subject + had + not + verb 3 + object (?) had + subject + verb 3 + object Past perfect tense is used in connection to the past tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. • The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began). • When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. •Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” •Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. •if only you had told me! •I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. • if Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. •if we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder. Function : The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret Conditional : If Nissa had come to the party, she would have been the wost beautiful girl in the party. Reality : Nissa didn’t came to the party, so she wasn’t the most beautiful girl in the party.
Name : Farhan Sayuti Class : XII IPS 3 Date : Saturday, 18 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
Structure of sentence 1. Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object Examples: He had taken the exam last year A thief had stolen my watch.
2. Negative sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object •Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object “Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence. Examples: He had not taken the exam last year A thief had not stolen my watch.
3. Interrogative sentence • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object • Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had” Examples. Had he taken the exam last year Had a thief stolen my watch?
More Example: 1. Positive sentences They had visited a doctor. He had slept. I had finished my work last year. It had rained heavily last month. The film had started before we reached cinema.
2. Negative sentences They had not visited a doctor. He had not slept. I had not finished my work last year. It had not rained heavily last month. The film had not started before we reached cinema.
3. Interrogative sentences Had they visited a doctor? Had he slept? Had I finished my work last year? Had it rained heavily last month? Had the film started before we reached cinema.
Name : Farhan Sayuti Class : XII IPS 3 Date : Saturday, 18 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
Structure of sentence 1. Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object Examples: He had taken the exam last year A thief had stolen my watch.
2. Negative sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object •Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object “Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence. Examples: He had not taken the exam last year A thief had not stolen my watch.
3. Interrogative sentence • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object • Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had” Examples. Had he taken the exam last year Had a thief stolen my watch?
More Example: 1. Positive sentences They had visited a doctor. He had slept. I had finished my work last year. It had rained heavily last month. The film had started before we reached cinema.
2. Negative sentences They had not visited a doctor. He had not slept. I had not finished my work last year. It had not rained heavily last month. The film had not started before we reached cinema.
3. Interrogative sentences Had they visited a doctor? Had he slept? Had I finished my work last year? Had it rained heavily last month? Had the film started before we reached cinema.
Name : M.Saiful Firman Firdaus Class : XII IPS 3 Date : 18 January 2014
The Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense is most often used for the following: - For actions that happened before a past event - In reported speech - In if (conditional) sentences How to form the past perfect | Past perfect continuous For actions that happened before a past event When we want to talk about an action that happened before a past event, we often use the past perfect. Look at these examples: • When I hot home yesterday, my father had already cooked dinner. • I didn’t want to go to the movies with my friends because I had seen the film already. • My friend offered me an apple in class yesterday, but I wasn’t hungry because I had just eaten lunch. • I arrived very late at the party. All my friends had already gone home. • As soon as she had done her homework, she went to bed. • I was very tired as I hadn’t slept well for several days. • Had you seen the film before? Notice how often words like already, just, never etc. are used with the past perfect. In reported speech The past perfect is common when we report people's words or thoughts .., as in the following examples: • John said that he had never eaten sushi before. • She told me that she had finished, but I knew she had not. • She wondered why he had been so unkind to her. • He told me he hadn’t done his homework, but he was hoping to finish it on the bus. • I thought I had sent her a birthday card, but I was wrong. In if (conditional) sentences The past perfect tense is used in unreal or hypothetical stituations, as in the following sentences: • If I had known you were in Frankfurt, I would have called you. (but I didn't know you were here so I didn't call you!) • If I had had enough money, I would have bought you a better present. (but I didn't have enough money.) • I would have been very angy if you had laughed when I got the answer wrong. (but you didn't laugh, so I wasn't angry.) • She wouldn't have been able to finish, if you hadn't helped her. (but you did help her and she did finish.) • I wish I had studied for my exams. (but I didn't study - and I got bad grades!) • I would have been in big trouble if you hadn't helped me. (but you did help me so I stayed out of trouble.)
Name : Eka dian lestari class : XII.IPS.3 Date : 18 january 2014
Past Perfect Tense The usage of Past Perfect Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard
Notice that Past Perfect Use form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table in the next page.
(+) S + had + v3 / Past Participle + Object (-) S +had not + v3 / past participle + Object (?) Had + S + v3 / Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past * The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began) *When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). *After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. *Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years." *Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. *If only you had told me! *I wish you had cone with us. c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences. *If clara had known the facts, she would have told you. *If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. *IF CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle *MAIN CLAUSE Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma. Example : *If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. *I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough). Contraction of form : *If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. *I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. CONDITIONAL -If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. CRITICISM (REALITY) -You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL -If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing. REGRET (REALITY) -It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name: Rosiana Pratama Efendi Class: XII IPS 3 Date: January, 18th 2014
Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is: subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb conjugated in simple past tense past participle had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. subject auxiliary verb main verb + I had finished my work. + You had stopped before me. - She had not gone to school. - We had not left. ? Had you arrived? ? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example: •They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours. •I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before. We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered: examples: •He told us that the train had left. •I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause: IF clause main clause If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma: main clause IF clause I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional: IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb* main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle *The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam. Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret: Example Explanation If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough. If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game. If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Srikandi Nur Hanunah Class : XII Social 3 Date : January, 18th 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfect Tense A. John answered all the questions correctly. B. He had studied very hard. Notice that Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. (+) Subject + Had + V3/Past Participle + Object (-) Subject + Had not + V3/Past Participle + Object (?) Had + Subject + V3/Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and show than activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. -> The Party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrive -- before the party began). -> When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking). -> After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important. (Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. -> Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years." -> Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expression such "if" only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. -> If only you had told me! -> I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. -> If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. -> If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional is a structure for unreal situation in the past. 1. The Structure Like other conditional, a Third Conditional Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and main clause. ->IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle -> MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would + have + Past Participle (the modals could and might can also be used for Main Clause)
If the "if" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : -> If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. -> I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form : -> If I'd studied harder, I probably wouldn't passed the exam. -> I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. -> CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. -> CRITICISM (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
-> CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. -> REGRET (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Christine Aprilya Tobing Class : XII Social 3 Date : January, 18th 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE
The past perfect talks about action that has been completed or occur before a certain time or another action in the past. It talks about action that started in the past and is still in progress at a given time or when other events occur in the past. It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past. Generally when, by the time, before followed by simple past tense forms, whereas after generally followed the past perfect. Time expressions are common: by the time, before, after, when, by, etc.
Structure of sentence
1. Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples She had lived here for 12 years when she retired. She had finished her homework before I came.
2. Negative sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object •Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object *'Not' is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.*
Examples She had not lived here for 10 years when she retired. She had not finished her homework before I came.
3. Interrogative sentence • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object • Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened.
The 3rd conditional form: If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES: *the past perfect tense = had + past participle *in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted: I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction. Common uses of this sentence structure:
• What would you have done if … ? What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university? What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help? What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again?
• If I had known… If I had known that you needed help, I would have come! If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital. We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed. If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you. I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you!
• You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it. If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job.
• You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work! It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
Name : M.Dimas Prawiro Class : XII Social 3 Date : January,18th 2014
Past Perfect Tense The usage of past perfect tense : A. John answered all the questions correctly B. He had studied very hard
The pattern of The Past Perfect Tense as the following form : (+) S + had + Verb-3/past participle ex : My sister had slept They had come (-) S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle ex : My sister hadn’t slept They hadn’t come (?) had + S + Verb-3/past participle ex : Had my sister come Had they come
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page. Example : - I hadn't finish my assignment - They had not do that - Had I left you behind The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. - The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) -When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Fransiska Rini W Class : XII Social 3 Date : January,18th 2014
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page. Example : - I hadn't finish my assignment - They had not do that - Had I left you behind The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. - The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) -When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name :AZKA FAHDIAL Class :XII SOCIAL 3 Date :January 17,Friday 2014
Past perfect
When we talk about something that happened in the past we sometimes want to refer back to something that happened before that time. We can use the
past perfect
tense (had + past participle) to do this.
Look at these two sentences.
John left the house at 7:30 yesterday morning. Mary rang John’s doorbell at 8:15 yesterday.
Both actions happened in the past so we use the past simple tense. But look at how we can combine the sentences.
Mary rang John’s doorbell at 8:15 yesterday but John had already left the house.
We use the past perfect (had left) because the action happened before another action in the past (Mary rang the doorbell.)
Look at some more examples of the past perfect.
When Mrs Brown opened the washing machine she realised she had washed the cat. I got a letter from Jim last week. We’d been at school together but we’d lost touch with each other.
The past perfect is used because they were at school before he received the letter. It refers to an earlier past.
Look at these 2 sentences.
James had cooked breakfast when we got up. James cooked breakfast when we got up.
In the first sentence, the past perfect tells us that James cooked breakfast before we got up. In the second sentence, first we got up and then James cooked breakfast.
Past perfect continuous
The past perfect can also be used in the continuous.
I realised I had been working too hard so I decided to have a holiday. By the time Jane arrived we had been waiting for 3 hours.
NOTE The most common mistake with the past perfect is to overuse it or to use it simply because we are talking about a time in the distant past.
The Romans had spoken Latin
Remember that we only use the past perfect when we want to refer to a past that is earlier than another time in the narrative.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing. CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone fishing.
Name : Kristina Natalia Class : XII Social 3 Date : January,18th 2014
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page. Example : - I hadn't finish my assignment - They had not do that - Had I left you behind The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past. - The party did not begin until everyone had arrived. (Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began) -When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed. (Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking) The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways : a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech. - Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.” - Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years. b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences. - If only you had told me! - I wish you had come with us. c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences. - If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you. - If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. Example : • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. • I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough). Contraction of form : • If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam. • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY) If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer. CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY) If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name :Puan Puteri Class : XII Social 3 Date : January 18 2014 Past perfect tense It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
For example, I had lived in America. (The sense of time in this sentence refers to a completed action in past and especially a long time ago)
The students had gone before the teacher came. (The first part of sentence “The student has gone” is sentence of past perfect tense, it says about an action which occurred before another action in past which is “the teacher came”. The second part “the teacher came” is sentence of past simple tense. So such a sentence which express an action in past before another action in past comprises two parts where the first part of sentence is past perfect tense)
Rules. Auxiliary verb “had” is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb (past participle) is used as main verb in sentence
Structure of sentence. Positive sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object • Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples. He had taken the exam last year A thief had stolen my watch.
Negative sentence • Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object •Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence. Examples. He had not taken the exam last year A thief had not stolen my watch.
Interrogative sentence • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object • Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had” Examples. Had he taken the exam last year Had a thief stolen my watch?
Third Conditional: no possibility
The first conditional and second conditionals talk about the future. With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.
1. The Structure Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause. IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. • I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder (Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form : • I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
conditional : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. critism (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. conditional : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. critism (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go skiing.
Name : Emi yanti Class : XII Social 3 Date : January 19 2014
Past Perfect Tense. Past perfect tense is commonly understood as a tense that expresses the one past time completed event or action before another past time event or action interrupting at that time. The past perfect tense structure is made up of subject of the sentence and followed by the past participle form of auxiliary have (had) and then followed by the past participle form of regular or irregular verb, and then end the sentence, if there is any, with the object of the sentence The formula: Subject + past participle of Aux have (Had) + Past Participle verb + Object. The example: When I arrived at the birthday party, Lucy had already gone home To add to the understanding of the use of the English phrase, sring past perfect tense is used in real situations, as follows: • Past perfect is common after past verb of saying and thinking, to talk about thing that had happened before the saying and the thinking. For example:
1. I told her that I had finished 2. I thought I had sent the cheque a week before. 3. I wonder who had left the door open • A common used of the past perfect tense is to indicate time that precedes a particular point in the past narration, for example:
1. The burglar alarm went off and a crowd of people began to gather. Soon, the police arrived. But they were too late. The thieves had already gone without any trace. • The past perfect can be used to express an unrealized hope and wish, etc, for example:
1. I had hoped we would be able to leave tomorrow, but it is beginning to look difficult. 2. He had intended to make a cake, but he run out of time. • Past perfect tense can be used after if, wish, and would rather, to talk about past event that did not happen, for example:
1. If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine. 2. I wish you had told me all the truth 3. I would rather she had asked me before borrowing the car. conditional sentence conditional sentence is a sentence modality used to express the imaginary situation of factual condition . Type factual condition ( condition of) the diimajinasikan that cause conditional sentence is divided into three namely ; conditional type 1 ( future factual condition ) , conditional sentence type 2 ( present factual condition ) and conditional sentence type3 ( past factual condition ) . Formulas and how to make conditional sentences each sentence type is also different and much more based on pembentuknya tenses . For more details, see the table below : Type formula example Sentences Conditional sentence type 1 formula : If + Simple Present , Simple Future Simple if + Simple Present Future example sentence : If you invite me , I will come I will repair it if you give the money
Conditional sentence type 2 formula : If + Simple Past, Past Future If + Simple Past Future Past example sentence : If you invited me , I would come I would lend you some money if you PROMISED to return it soon
Conditional sentence type 3 formula : If + Past Perfect , Past Perfect Future If + Past Perfect Future Past Perfect
example sentence: If you had invited me , I would not have come I would have bought you a new phone if you had asked me
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ReplyDeleteName : Reviana Kristin
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : Friday, 10 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb
conjugated in simple past tense past participle
had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb.
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I had finished my work.
+ You had stopped before me.
- She had not gone to school.
- We had not left.
? Had you arrived?
? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example:
•They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.
•I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before.
We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered:
examples:
•He told us that the train had left.
•I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences
The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:
IF clause main clause
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:
main clause IF clause
I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional:
IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb*
main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle
*The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam.
Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret:
Example Explanation
If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.
If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game.
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Putra Amirlin
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 4
Date : 10 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page.
Example :
- I hadn't finish my assignment
- They had not do that
- Had I left you behind
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began)
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Ghea Pramudita Muninggar
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : Saturday, 11 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
Structure of sentence
1. Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples:
He had taken the exam last year
A thief had stolen my watch.
2. Negative sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.
Examples:
He had not taken the exam last year
A thief had not stolen my watch.
3. Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had”
Examples.
Had he taken the exam last year
Had a thief stolen my watch?
More Example:
1. Positive sentences
They had visited a doctor.
He had slept.
I had finished my work last year.
It had rained heavily last month.
The film had started before we reached cinema.
2. Negative sentences
They had not visited a doctor.
He had not slept.
I had not finished my work last year.
It had not rained heavily last month.
The film had not started before we reached cinema.
3. Interrogative sentences
Had they visited a doctor?
Had he slept?
Had I finished my work last year?
Had it rained heavily last month?
Had the film started before we reached cinema.
Name : Sri Mahanani Eka Wati
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : Saturday, 11 January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE
The usage of Past Perfet Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard.
Notice that Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table.
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Complited activity: more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
• After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Comlited activit: he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways:
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
• Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
• Repor: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would
rather are commonly used in such as sentences.
• If only you had told me!
• I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
• If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you.
• If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Name : Sri Mahanani Eka Wati
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : Saturday, 11 January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE
The usage of Past Perfet Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard.
Notice that Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table.
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Complited activity: more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
• After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Comlited activit: he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways:
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
• Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
• Repor: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would
rather are commonly used in such as sentences.
• If only you had told me!
• I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
• If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you.
• If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Name : Cindy Agatha Deden
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : Sunday, January 12 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The Past Perfect Tense is used:
1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place.
Words usually used with the Past Perfect tense are when and after.
Example: They had already finished their dinner when I arrived to join them.
Words such as already, just and as soon as are also used with the Past Perfect tense.
Example: It had already stopped raining when I bought an umbrella.
2. for an action which happened before a definite time in the past.
Example: They had finished their prayers by ten o'clock.
3. for an action which took place and completed in the past.
Example: He had hurt his back in an accident at work and he had to stay at home for three months.
(The action happened and he suffered the consequences all in the past)
4. for states.
Example: They had become good friends for many years after meeting on holiday.
Sometimes the past perfect tense and the past simple tense are used separately in different sentences.
Example: This morning we visited John in the hospital. He had just been admitted with stomach pains.
The past simple tense precedes the past perfect tense. Notice the action in the past perfect tense happened first.
Past perfect tense used after certain expressions:
I knew (that) his brother had gone to work overseas.
I didn't know (that) he had stopped smoking.
I thought (that) we had got on the wrong train.
Third Conditional Tense
The Third Conditional is a structure for past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened.
Example :
If I hadn’t eaten so much, I wouldn’t have gotten* so fat.
The if clause is unreal. It did not happen. The result is what would have happened IF the if clause were real:
Example :
If I hadn’t eaten so much,
Did I eat a lot? Yes, I did. However, I’m imagining what would have happened if I hadn’t eaten so much.
What would have happened if I hadn’t eaten so much? The result:
Example :
…I wouldn’t have gotten* so fat.
Am I fat now? Yes. I would not be fat now if hadn’t eaten so much in the past. If I ate well in the past, I would not be fat now.
*In American English, ‘gotten’ is used at the past participle of ‘got.’ In British English, ‘gotten’ is not used.
The Third Conditional form:
If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES:
*the past perfect tense = had + past participle
*in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted:
I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d
*Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction
Common uses of this sentence structure:
1.What would you have done if … ?
What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university?
What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help?
2. If I had known…
If I had known that you needed help, I would have come!
We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed.
3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently.
4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes:
If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work!
It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
More example sentences:
- If I hadn’t gone to the party, I would have never met my husband.
- We would have gone out last night if we hadn’t been so tired.
Name : Yunia Riska Anggrahini
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : Sunday, January 12 2014
Summary
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfet Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard.
The pattern of The Past Perfect Tense as the following form :
(+) S + had + Verb-3/past participle
ex : My brother had slept
They had come
(-) S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle
ex : My brother hadn’t slept
They hadn’t come
(?) had + S + Verb-3/past participle
ex : Had my brother come
Had they come
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways:
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
• Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
• Reported: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would
rather are commonly used in such as sentences.
• If only you had told me!
• I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
• If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you.
• If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional Sentence (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is past conditional sentences. This is a structure for impossible conditional or unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle
MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
• I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITISM (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
CRITISM (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go skiing.
Name : khairunissa
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 4
Date : Sunday, January 12’2014
Summary
Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect use form: had + past participle
(+) subject + had +verb 3 + object
(-) subject + had + not + verb 3 + object
(?) had + subject + verb 3 + object
Past perfect tense is used in connection to the past tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began).
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
•Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
•Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
•if only you had told me!
•I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
• if Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
•if we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
Function :
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret
Conditional : If Nissa had come to the party, she would have been the wost beautiful girl in the party.
Reality : Nissa didn’t came to the party, so she wasn’t the most beautiful girl in the party.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName : Yulie Amelia Hamidah
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : Sunday, January 12 2014
The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time.
With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.
By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.
They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years.
Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous
Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary.
MOREOVER
If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct.
Examples:
She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.
HOWEVER
If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used.
Examples:
She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska.
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
You had previously studied English before you moved to New York.
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. Active
Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. Passive
Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III
Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences.
Conditional Sentence Type 1
→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future
Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.
Conditional Sentence Type 2
→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)
Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
Conditional Sentence Type 3
→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.
Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)
Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
Exceptions
Sometimes Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III can also be used with other tenses.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName : Yulie Amelia Hamidah
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : Monday, January 13 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE
FORM
[had + past participle]
The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.
Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs)
With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.
Examples:
We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.
IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect
Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary.
Example:
She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.
MOREOVER
If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct.
Examples:
She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.
HOWEVER
If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used.
Examples:
She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska.
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
You had previously studied English before you moved to New York.
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. Active
Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. Passive
Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III
Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences.
Conditional Sentence Type 1
→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future
Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.
Conditional Sentence Type 2
→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)
Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
Conditional Sentence Type 3
→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.
Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)
Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
Exceptions
Sometimes Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III can also be used with other tenses.
Name : Laura Wini Febrin
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 4
Date : Monday, 13 January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Definition:
The past perfect talks about “action” that has been completed or occur before a certain time or another “action” in the past. It talks about “action” that started in the past and is still in progress at a given time or when other events occur in the past. It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
Generally when, by the time, before followed by simple past tense forms, whereas after generally followed the past perfect.
Time expressions are common: by the time, before, after, when, by, etc.
Structure of sentence
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples
He had lived here for 10 years when he retired.
He had finished his homework before I came.
Negative sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.
Examples
He had not lived here for 10 years when he retired.
He had not finished his homework before I came.
Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened.
*The 3rd conditional form:
If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES:
*the past perfect tense = had + past participle
*in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted:
I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d
*Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction.
Common uses of this sentence structure:
1.What would you have done if … ?
What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university?
What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help?
What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again?
2. If I had known…
If I had known that you needed help, I would have come!
If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital.
We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed.
If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you.
I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you!
3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently
If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it.
If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job.
4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes
If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work!
It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
Name : Dede Rahayu
ReplyDeleteClass : 12 social 4
Date : monday, january 13 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfect Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard
Notice that Past Perfect Use form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table in the next page.
(+) S + had + v3 / Past Participle + Object
(-) S +had not + v3 / past participle + Object
(?) Had + S + v3 / Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past
* The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began)
*When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
*After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
*Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years."
*Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
*If only you had told me!
*I wish you had cone with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
*If clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
*If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Dede Rahayu
ReplyDeleteClass : 12 social 4
Date : monday, january 13 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfect Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard
Notice that Past Perfect Use form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table in the next page.
(+) S + had + v3 / Past Participle + Object
(-) S +had not + v3 / past participle + Object
(?) Had + S + v3 / Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past
* The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began)
*When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
*After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
*Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years."
*Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
*If only you had told me!
*I wish you had cone with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
*If clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
*If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Maenur Arofah
ReplyDeleteClass : XII social 4
Date : Monday, 13 january 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfet Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard.
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page.
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began).
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
• After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
• Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
• Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
• If only you had told me!
• I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
• If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
• If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle*
* The modals could and might can also be used for Main Clause.
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name: Meysi Resyanti
ReplyDeleteClass:XII. IPS 4
date: 12 january 2014
No: 25
Past Perfect Tense
when we talk about something that happened in the past we sometimes want to refer back to something that happened befor that time. We can use the .
Past Perfect Tense.
( Had+ past participle ) to do this.
Look at these two sentences .
• John left the house at 7:30 yesterday morning.
• Mary rang john’s doorbell at 8:15 yesterday.
But action happened in the past so we use the past simple tenses. But look at how we can combine the sentences.
• Mary rang john’s doorbell at 8:15 yesterday but john had already left the house.
We use the pas perfect ( had left) because the action happened before another action in the past ( Mary rang the doorbell. )
The past perfect is used because they were at school before he received the letter. It refers to an earlier past.
Look at these 2 sentences.
• James had cooked breakfast when we got up.
• James cooked breakfast when we got up.
In thw first sentences, the past perfect tells us that james cooked breakfast before we got up. In the second sentences, first we got up and then cooked breakfast.
Third Conditional sentence
We can use the third conditional to talk about “ impossible” conditions, impossible because the ar in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
• If I had worked at school, I would have got better grades.
• If I had time, would have gone to see him. But I didn’t have time.
• If we had caught the earlier train, we would have got there on time but we were late.
Notic that the main clause can contain “ would “. “ could or “ might.
• If I had seen him at the meeting, I would have asked him. (but he wasn’t there I didn’t.)
• If I had seen him at the meeting, I could have a asked him.( but he wasn’t there so it wasn’t possible. )
• If I had seen him at the meeting, I might have asked him.( but I’m not sure.perhaps it the opportunity had arisen.)
• If I had paid more attension in class, I would have understood the lesson .
Also notice that sometimes the . “ if clause ‘ is implied rather than spoken.
• I’d have done it . (“ if you have asked me but you didn’t. “)
• I wouldn’t have said that. (“ if I ‘d been there.”)
• He wouldn’t have late him get away with that.( “ if he had tried that with me .”)
name : rural aisa sari
ReplyDeleteclass: XII IPS 4
Date: 13 january 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE FORM [had + past participle] The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs) With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Examples: We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary. Example: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. MOREOVER If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct. Examples: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. HOWEVER If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used. Examples: She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You had previously studied English before you moved to New York. ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. Active Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. Passive
Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences. Conditional Sentence Type 1 → It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 2 → It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive) Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 3 → It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle) Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. Exceptions Sometimes Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III can also be used with other tenses.
Name : Hafirotul Rachmawidia
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : 12 Jan 2014
No : 16
The past perfect tense is most often used for the following:
- For actions that happened before a past event
- In reported speech
- In if (conditional) sentences
How to form the past perfect | Past perfect continuous
For actions that happened before a past event
When we want to talk about an action that happened before a past event, we often use the past perfect. Look at these examples:
• When I got home yesterday, my father had already cooked dinner.
• I didn't want to go to the movies with my friends because I had seen the film already.
• My friend offered me an apple in class yesterday, but I wasn't hungry because I had just eaten lunch.
• I arrived very late at the party. All my friends had already gone home.
• As soon as she had done her homework, she went to bed.
• I was very tired as I hadn't slept well for several days.
• Had you seen the film before?
Notice how often words like already, just, never etc. are used with the past perfect.
In reported speech
The past perfect is common when we report people's words or thoughts .., as in the following examples:
• John said that he had never eaten sushi before.
• She told me that she had finished, but I knew she had not.
• She wondered why he had been so unkind to her.
• He told me he hadn't done his homework, but he was hoping to finish it on the bus.
• I thought I had sent her a birthday card, but I was wrong.
In if (conditional) sentences
The past perfect tense is used in unreal or hypothetical stituations, as in the following sentences:
• If I had known you were in Frankfurt, I would have called you. (but I didn't know you were here so I didn't call you!)
• If I had had enough money, I would have bought you a better present. (but I didn't have enough money.)
• I would have been very angy if you had laughed when I got the answer wrong. (but you didn't laugh, so I wasn't angry.)
• She wouldn't have been able to finish, if you hadn't helped her. (but you did help her and she did finish.)
• I wish I had studied for my exams. (but I didn't study - and I got bad grades!)
• I would have been in big trouble if you hadn't helped me. (but you did help me so I stayed out of trouble.)
Third Conditional sentence
We can use the third conditional to talk about “ impossible” conditions, impossible because the ar in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
• If I had worked at school, I would have got better grades.
• If I had time, would have gone to see him. But I didn’t have time.
• If we had caught the earlier train, we would have got there on time but we were late.
Notic that the main clause can contain “ would “. “ could or “ might.
• If I had seen him at the meeting, I would have asked him. (but he wasn’t there I didn’t.)
• If I had seen him at the meeting, I could have a asked him.( but he wasn’t there so it wasn’t possible. )
• If I had seen him at the meeting, I might have asked him.( but I’m not sure.perhaps it the opportunity had arisen.)
• If I had paid more attension in class, I would have understood the lesson .
Also notice that sometimes the . “ if clause ‘ is implied rather than spoken.
• I’d have done it . (“ if you have asked me but you didn’t. “)
• I wouldn’t have said that. (“ if I ‘d been there.”)
• He wouldn’t have late him get away with that.( “ if he had tried that with me .”)
name :Ibnu Jamaludin Muslim
ReplyDeleteclass: XII IPS 4
Date: 13 january 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE FORM [had + past participle] The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs) With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Examples: We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary. Example: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. MOREOVER If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct. Examples: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. HOWEVER If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used. Examples: She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You had previously studied English before you moved to New York. ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. Active Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. Passive
Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences. Conditional Sentence Type 1 → It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 2 → It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive) Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 3 → It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle) Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. Exceptions Sometimes Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III can also be used with other tenses.
name :Ibnu Jamaludin Muslim
ReplyDeleteclass: XII IPS 4
Date: 13 january 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE FORM [had + past participle] The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs) With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Examples: We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary. Example: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. MOREOVER If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct. Examples: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. HOWEVER If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used. Examples: She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You had previously studied English before you moved to New York. ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. Active Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. Passive
Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences. Conditional Sentence Type 1 → It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 2 → It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive) Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 3 → It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle) Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. Exceptions Sometimes Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III can also be used with other tenses.
Name : Evan Janitra Putra
ReplyDeleteClass : 12 social 4
Date : monday, january 13 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfect Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard
Notice that Past Perfect Use form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table in the next page.
(+) S + had + v3 / Past Participle + Object
(-) S +had not + v3 / past participle + Object
(?) Had + S + v3 / Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past
* The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began)
*When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
*After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
*Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years."
*Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
*If only you had told me!
*I wish you had cone with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
*If clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
*If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Miftah Nurhadiansyah
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : Saturday, 13 January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE
The usage of Past Perfet Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard.
Notice that Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table.
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Complited activity: more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
• After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Comlited activit: he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways:
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
• Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
• Repor: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would
rather are commonly used in such as sentences.
• If only you had told me!
• I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
• If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you.
• If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
name : Ahmad Chudori
ReplyDeleteclass: XII IPS 4
Date: 13 january 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE FORM [had + past participle] The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs) With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Examples: We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary. Example: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. MOREOVER If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct. Examples: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. HOWEVER If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used. Examples: She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You had previously studied English before you moved to New York. ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. Active Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. Passive
Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences. Conditional Sentence Type 1 → It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 2 → It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive) Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 3 → It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle) Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. Exceptions Sometimes Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III can also be used with other tenses.
Name :Mohamad riki denyansyah
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 4
Date : 13 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page.
Example :
- I hadn't finish my assignment
- They had not do that
- Had I left you behind
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began)
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : wili aldian
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : 13 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
Structure of sentence
1. Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples:
He had taken the exam last year
A thief had stolen my watch.
2. Negative sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.
Examples:
He had not taken the exam last year
A thief had not stolen my watch.
3. Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had”
Examples.
Had he taken the exam last year
Had a thief stolen my watch?
More Example:
1. Positive sentences
They had visited a doctor.
He had slept.
I had finished my work last year.
It had rained heavily last month.
The film had started before we reached cinema.
2. Negative sentences
They had not visited a doctor.
He had not slept.
I had not finished my work last year.
It had not rained heavily last month.
The film had not started before we reached cinema.
3. Interrogative sentences
Had they visited a doctor?
Had he slept?
Had I finished my work last year?
Had it rained heavily last month?
Had the film started before we reached cinema.
ReplyDelete
Name : Ari Pambudi
Class : XII IPS 4
Date : Monday, 13 January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE
The usage of Past Perfet Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard.
Notice that Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table.
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Complited activity: more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
• After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Comlited activit: he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways:
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
• Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
• Repor: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would
rather are commonly used in such as sentences.
• If only you had told me!
• I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
• If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you.
• If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show
Name : Nofan Adrian
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : 13 January 2014
Summary
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfet Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard.
The pattern of The Past Perfect Tense as the following form :
(+) S + had + Verb-3/past participle
ex : My brother had slept
They had come
(-) S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle
ex : My brother hadn’t slept
They hadn’t come
(?) had + S + Verb-3/past participle
ex : Had my brother come
Had they come
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways:
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
• Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
• Reported: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would
rather are commonly used in such as sentences.
• If only you had told me!
• I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
• If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you.
• If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional Sentence (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is past conditional sentences. This is a structure for impossible conditional or unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle
MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
• I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITISM (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
CRITISM (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go skiing.
Name : Miftah Nurhadiansyah
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : 13 January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE
The usage of Past Perfet Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard.
Notice that Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table.
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Complited activity: more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
• After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Comlited activit: he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways:
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
• Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
• Repor: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would
rather are commonly used in such as sentences.
• If only you had told me!
• I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
• If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you.
• If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Name : Danil Ramadhan Saputra
ReplyDeleteClass : XII social 4
Date : monday, January 13 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The Past Perfect Tense is used:
1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place.
Words usually used with the Past Perfect tense are when and after.
Example: They had already finished their dinner when I arrived to join them.
Words such as already, just and as soon as are also used with the Past Perfect tense.
Example: It had already stopped raining when I bought an umbrella.
2. for an action which happened before a definite time in the past.
Example: They had finished their prayers by ten o'clock.
3. for an action which took place and completed in the past.
Example: He had hurt his back in an accident at work and he had to stay at home for three months.
(The action happened and he suffered the consequences all in the past)
4. for states.
Example: They had become good friends for many years after meeting on holiday.
Sometimes the past perfect tense and the past simple tense are used separately in different sentences.
Example: This morning we visited John in the hospital. He had just been admitted with stomach pains.
The past simple tense precedes the past perfect tense. Notice the action in the past perfect tense happened first.
Past perfect tense used after certain expressions:
I knew (that) his brother had gone to work overseas.
I didn't know (that) he had stopped smoking.
I thought (that) we had got on the wrong train.
Third Conditional Tense
The Third Conditional is a structure for past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened.
Example :
If I hadn’t eaten so much, I wouldn’t have gotten* so fat.
The if clause is unreal. It did not happen. The result is what would have happened IF the if clause were real:
Example :
If I hadn’t eaten so much,
Did I eat a lot? Yes, I did. However, I’m imagining what would have happened if I hadn’t eaten so much.
What would have happened if I hadn’t eaten so much? The result:
Example :
…I wouldn’t have gotten* so fat.
Am I fat now? Yes. I would not be fat now if hadn’t eaten so much in the past. If I ate well in the past, I would not be fat now.
*In American English, ‘gotten’ is used at the past participle of ‘got.’ In British English, ‘gotten’ is not used.
The Third Conditional form:
If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES:
*the past perfect tense = had + past participle
*in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted:
I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d
*Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction
Common uses of this sentence structure:
1.What would you have done if … ?
What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university?
What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help?
2. If I had known…
If I had known that you needed help, I would have come!
We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed.
3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently.
4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes:
If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work!
It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
More example sentences:
- If I hadn’t gone to the party, I would have never met my husband.
- We would have gone out last night if we hadn’t been so tired.
Name : Surya Aji Prasetiyo
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : 13 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb
conjugated in simple past tense past participle
had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb.
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I had finished my work.
+ You had stopped before me.
- She had not gone to school.
- We had not left.
? Had you arrived?
? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example:
•They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.
•I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before.
We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered:
examples:
•He told us that the train had left.
•I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences
The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:
IF clause main clause
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:
main clause IF clause
I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional:
IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb*
main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle
*The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam.
Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret:
Example Explanation
If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.
If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game.
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Balivio Helmi
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : Monday, 13 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb
conjugated in simple past tense past participle
had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb.
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I had finished my work.
+ You had stopped before me.
- She had not gone to school.
- We had not left.
? Had you arrived?
? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example:
•They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.
•I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before.
We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered:
examples:
•He told us that the train had left.
•I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences
The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:
IF clause main clause
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:
main clause IF clause
I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional:
IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb*
main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle
*The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam.
Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret:
Example Explanation
If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.
If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game.
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Adryan Ibnu Fiqih
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 4
Date : 13 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page.
Example :
- I hadn't finish my assignment
- They had not do that
- Had I left you behind
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began)
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Chindy Mayang Sari
ReplyDeleteClass : XII social 4
Date : Monday, 13 january 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfet Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard.
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page.
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began).
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
• After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
• Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
• Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
• If only you had told me!
• I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
• If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
• If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle*
* The modals could and might can also be used for Main Clause.
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Ilyas Firdaus
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : Friday, 10 January 2014
> Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page.
Example :
- I hadn't finish my assignment
- They had not do that
- Had I left you behind
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
> Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Sarifah Aini
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : Sunday, January 12 2014
Summary
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfet Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard.
The pattern of The Past Perfect Tense as the following form :
(+) S + had + Verb-3/past participle
ex : My brother had slept
They had come
(-) S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle
ex : My brother hadn’t slept
They hadn’t come
(?) had + S + Verb-3/past participle
ex : Had my brother come
Had they come
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways:
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
• Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
• Reported: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would
rather are commonly used in such as sentences.
• If only you had told me!
• I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
• If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you.
• If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional Sentence (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is past conditional sentences. This is a structure for impossible conditional or unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle
MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
• I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITISM (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
CRITISM (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go skiing.
NAME : Lilo Janur Firmansyah
ReplyDeleteCLASS : XII Social 2
NO : 22
DATE : 13 JANUARY 2014
# Past Perfect Tense
=> Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on this page.
Example :
- I hadn't left for work
- The party hadn’t begun before we arrived
- Had I left for work?
=> The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
- The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began)
-When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
=> The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
# Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle
MAIN CLAUSE : Subject+Would+Have+Past Participle*
Example :
- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
- I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
-If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
- I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY) : You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY) : It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Krisna Aditya Saputra
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : Sunday, January 12 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The Past Perfect Tense is used:
1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place.
Words usually used with the Past Perfect tense are when and after.
Example: They had already finished their dinner when I arrived to join them.
Words such as already, just and as soon as are also used with the Past Perfect tense.
Example: It had already stopped raining when I bought an umbrella.
2. for an action which happened before a definite time in the past.
Example: They had finished their prayers by ten o'clock.
3. for an action which took place and completed in the past.
Example: He had hurt his back in an accident at work and he had to stay at home for three months.
(The action happened and he suffered the consequences all in the past)
4. for states.
Example: They had become good friends for many years after meeting on holiday.
Sometimes the past perfect tense and the past simple tense are used separately in different sentences.
Example: This morning we visited John in the hospital. He had just been admitted with stomach pains.
The past simple tense precedes the past perfect tense. Notice the action in the past perfect tense happened first.
Past perfect tense used after certain expressions:
I knew (that) his brother had gone to work overseas.
I didn't know (that) he had stopped smoking.
I thought (that) we had got on the wrong train.
Third Conditional sentence
We can use the third conditional to talk about “ impossible” conditions, impossible because the ar in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
• If I had worked at school, I would have got better grades.
• If I had time, would have gone to see him. But I didn’t have time.
• If we had caught the earlier train, we would have got there on time but we were late.
Notic that the main clause can contain “ would “. “ could or “ might.
• If I had seen him at the meeting, I would have asked him. (but he wasn’t there I didn’t.)
• If I had seen him at the meeting, I could have a asked him.( but he wasn’t there so it wasn’t possible. )
• If I had seen him at the meeting, I might have asked him.( but I’m not sure.perhaps it the opportunity had arisen.)
• If I had paid more attension in class, I would have understood the lesson .
Also notice that sometimes the . “ if clause ‘ is implied rather than spoken.
• I’d have done it . (“ if you have asked me but you didn’t. “)
• I wouldn’t have said that. (“ if I ‘d been there.”)
• He wouldn’t have late him get away with that.( “ if he had tried that with me .”)
Name : Aldy Firgiawan
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : 13-01-2014
The Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is most often used for the following:
- For actions that happened before a past event
- In reported speech
- In if (conditional) sentences
How to form the past perfect | Past perfect continuous
For actions that happened before a past event
When we want to talk about an action that happened before a past event, we often use the past perfect. Look at these examples:
• When I hot home yesterday, my father had already cooked dinner.
• I didn’t want to go to the movies with my friends because I had seen the film already.
• My friend offered me an apple in class yesterday, but I wasn’t hungry because I had just eaten lunch.
• I arrived very late at the party. All my friends had already gone home.
• As soon as she had done her homework, she went to bed.
• I was very tired as I hadn’t slept well for several days.
• Had you seen the film before?
Notice how often words like already, just, never etc. are used with the past perfect.
In reported speech
The past perfect is common when we report people's words or thoughts .., as in the following examples:
• John said that he had never eaten sushi before.
• She told me that she had finished, but I knew she had not.
• She wondered why he had been so unkind to her.
• He told me he hadn’t done his homework, but he was hoping to finish it on the bus.
• I thought I had sent her a birthday card, but I was wrong.
In if (conditional) sentences
The past perfect tense is used in unreal or hypothetical stituations, as in the following sentences:
• If I had known you were in Frankfurt, I would have called you. (but I didn't know you were here so I didn't call you!)
• If I had had enough money, I would have bought you a better present. (but I didn't have enough money.)
• I would have been very angy if you had laughed when I got the answer wrong. (but you didn't laugh, so I wasn't angry.)
• She wouldn't have been able to finish, if you hadn't helped her. (but you did help her and she did finish.)
• I wish I had studied for my exams. (but I didn't study - and I got bad grades!)
• I would have been in big trouble if you hadn't helped me. (but you did help me so I stayed out of trouble.)
Name : Syara Nur'afiat Puteri Eltri
ReplyDeleteClass : 12 Social 2
Date : 13 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
>> Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on this page.
Example :
- I hadn't left for work
- The party hadn’t begun before we arrived
- Had I left for work?
>> The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
- The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began)
-When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
>> The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
IF+Subject+Past Participle Subject+Would+Have+Past Participle*
Example :
- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
- I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
-If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
- I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing
Name : Fiyanur Shella
ReplyDeleteClass : XII SOCIAL 4
Date : Sunday, January 13 2014
Summary
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfet Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard.
The pattern of The Past Perfect Tense as the following form :
(+) S + had + Verb-3/past participle
ex : My brother had slept
They had come
(-) S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle
ex : My brother hadn’t slept
They hadn’t come
(?) had + S + Verb-3/past participle
ex : Had my brother come
Had they come
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways:
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
• Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
• Reported: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would
rather are commonly used in such as sentences.
• If only you had told me!
• I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
• If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you.
• If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional Sentence (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is past conditional sentences. This is a structure for impossible conditional or unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle
MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
• I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITISM (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
CRITISM (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go skiing.
Name : VINCENSIUS ARDIYANTO
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 2
Date : Monday, 13 January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE
The past perfect talks about action that has been completed or occur before a certain time or another action in the past. It talks about action that started in the past and is still in progress at a given time or when other events occur in the past. It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
Generally when, by the time, before followed by simple past tense forms, whereas after generally followed the past perfect.
Time expressions are common: by the time, before, after, when, by, etc.
Structure of sentence
1. Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples
She had lived here for 12 years when she retired.
She had finished her homework before I came.
2. Negative sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
*'Not' is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.*
Examples
She had not lived here for 10 years when she retired.
She had not finished her homework before I came.
3. Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened.
The 3rd conditional form:
If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES:
*the past perfect tense = had + past participle
*in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted:
I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d
Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction.
Common uses of this sentence structure:
• What would you have done if … ?
What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university?
What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help?
What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again?
• If I had known…
If I had known that you needed help, I would have come!
If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital.
We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed.
If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you.
I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you!
• You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently
If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it.
If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job.
• You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes
If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work!
It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
Name : Rendi Mangatur Siagian
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
Date : Monday, 13 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfect Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard
Notice that Past Perfect Use form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table in the next page.
(+) S + had + v3 / Past Participle + Object
(-) S +had not + v3 / past participle + Object
(?) Had + S + v3 / Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past
* The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began)
*When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
*After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
*Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years."
*Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
*If only you had told me!
*I wish you had cone with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
*If clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
*If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened.
The 3rd conditional form:
If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES:
*the past perfect tense = had + past participle
*in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted:
I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d
Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction.
Common uses of this sentence structure:
• What would you have done if … ?
What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university?
What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help?
What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again?
• If I had known…
If I had known that you needed help, I would have come!
If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital.
We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed.
If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you.
I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you!
• You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently
If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it.
If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job.
• You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes
If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work!
It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking
Name: Maulidatul Musyarofah
ReplyDeleteClass: XII Social 4
Date: Monday, 13 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
For example,
I had lived in America. (The sense of time in this sentence refers to a completed action in past and especially a long time ago)
The students had gone before the teacher came. (The first part of sentence “The student has gone” is sentence of past perfect tense, it says about an action which occurred before another action in past which is “the teacher came”. The second part “the teacher came” is sentence of past simple tense. So such a sentence which express an action in past before another action in past comprises two parts where the first part of sentence is past perfect tense)
Rules. Auxiliary verb “had” is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb (past participle) is used as main verb in sentence
Structure of sentence.
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples.
He had taken the exam last year
A thief had stolen my watch.
Negative sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.
Examples.
He had not taken the exam last year
A thief had not stolen my watch.
Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had”
Examples.
Had he taken the exam last year
Had a thief stolen my watch?
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Rizqi Ali firdaus
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
Date : Tuesday, january , 14- 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfect Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard
Notice that Past Perfect Use form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table in the next page.
(+) S + had + v3 / Past Participle + Object
(-) S +had not + v3 / past participle + Object
(?) Had + S + v3 / Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past
* The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began)
*When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
*After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
*Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years."
*Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
*If only you had told me!
*I wish you had cone with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
*If clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
*If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Muhamad Heri Yusup
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
Date : Tuesday, january , 14- 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfect Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard
Notice that Past Perfect Use form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table in the next page.
(+) S + had + v3 / Past Participle + Object
(-) S +had not + v3 / past participle + Object
(?) Had + S + v3 / Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past
* The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began)
*When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
*After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
*Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years."
*Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
*If only you had told me!
*I wish you had cone with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
*If clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
*If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Muhamad Fikri F.
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
Date : Tuesday, january , 14- 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfect Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard
Notice that Past Perfect Use form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table in the next page.
(+) S + had + v3 / Past Participle + Object
(-) S +had not + v3 / past participle + Object
(?) Had + S + v3 / Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past
* The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began)
*When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
*After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
*Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years."
*Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
*If only you had told me!
*I wish you had cone with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
*If clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
*If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : R. Wildan Hidayat
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
Date : Tuesday, 14 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb
conjugated in simple past tense past participle
had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb.
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I had finished my work.
+ You had stopped before me.
- She had not gone to school.
- We had not left.
? Had you arrived?
? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example:
•They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.
•I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before.
We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered:
examples:
•He told us that the train had left.
•I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences
The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:
IF clause main clause
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:
main clause IF clause
I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional:
IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb*
main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle
*The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam.
Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret:
Example Explanation
If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.
If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game.
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing..
Name : Ferry Fernando S.
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 2
Date : tuesday, 14 January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Definition:
The past perfect talks about “action” that has been completed or occur before a certain time or another “action” in the past. It talks about “action” that started in the past and is still in progress at a given time or when other events occur in the past. It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
Generally when, by the time, before followed by simple past tense forms, whereas after generally followed the past perfect.
Time expressions are common: by the time, before, after, when, by, etc.
Structure of sentence
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples
He had lived here for 10 years when he retired.
He had finished his homework before I came.
Negative sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.
Examples
He had not lived here for 10 years when he retired.
He had not finished his homework before I came.
Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened.
*The 3rd conditional form:
If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES:
*the past perfect tense = had + past participle
*in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted:
I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d
*Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction.
Common uses of this sentence structure:
1.What would you have done if … ?
What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university?
What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help?
What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again?
2. If I had known…
If I had known that you needed help, I would have come!
If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital.
We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed.
If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you.
I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you!
3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently
If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it.
If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job.
4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes
If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work!
It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
Name : Setyanasari
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
Date : Tuesday, January 14 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object
(-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object
(?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Dwiki Nadia Widianingrum
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
No : 13
Date : Tuesday, January 14 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object
(-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object
(?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Famela Dian
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 4
No :13
Date : Tuesday, January 14 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object
(-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object
(?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Anggy Yunita Dianasari
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
Date : Tuesday, January 14 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object
(-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object
(?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : FARADIVA KAFADILLA
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
Date : Tuesday, January 14 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object
(-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object
(?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName : UJANG SUPRIYATNO
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
Date : Tuesday, January 14 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object
(-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object
(?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName : Ayu Sekar Ramadhani
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
No : 7
Date : Tuesday, 14 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is an action that happened (and finished) before another action in the past.
Structure of sentence
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Look at the following sentences. Which happened first?
We are felt so sick. We took strange medicine
We can only assume that the people in the above situation, first, felt sick and then took strange medicine. However, in English, there is grammar that can make the above situation very clear. It is called the past perfect.
What happened first? What happened second?
For example:
First: I ate breakfast.
Second: I went to school.
The answer is = Before I went to school, I had eaten breakfast.
REMEMBER: Both of these activities happened in the past! However, one happened before the other.
What do you notice about the past perfect? First, you should have noticed that the past perfect is the action (had eaten breakfast) that happened BEFORE the other action in the past (went to school).
Third Conditional Sentence
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
If + Subject + Had + Past Participle,
+ Subject + Modal + Have + Past Participle
Imaginary situations in the past
This includes actions that did not happen in the past.
For examples:
• If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine.
• If You had gone to the party, you would have met him.
Describes what you would have done differently
Example:
• If I had been you, I would not have bought those shoes.
• If I had thought about it, I wouldn't have eaten so much.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName : Rista Aprilliani
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 2
No : 31
Date : Tuesday, 14 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
=> Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on this page.
Example :
- I hadn't left for work
- The party hadn’t begun before we arrived
- Had I left for work?
=> The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
- The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began)
-When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
=> The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : IF+Subject+Past Participle
MAIN CLAUSE : Subject+Would+Have+Past Participle*
Example :
- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
- I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
-If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
- I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY) : You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY) : It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing
Name : Lensary Suseno Puteri
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
No : 21
Date : Tuesday, 14 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfect Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard.
Notice that Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle.
(+) Subject + Had + V3/Past Participle + Object
(-) Subject + Had not + V3/Past Participle + Object
(?) Had + Subject + V3/Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and show than activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
-> The Party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrive -- before the party began).
-> When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
-> After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
-> Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years."
-> Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expression such "if" only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
-> If only you had told me!
-> I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
-> If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
-> If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditional, a Third Conditional Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and main clause.
->IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle
-> MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would + have + Past Participle (the modals could and might can also be used for Main Clause)
If the "if" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
-> If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
-> I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
-> If I'd studied harder, I probably wouldn't passed the exam.
-> I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
-> CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
-> CRITICISM (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
-> CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
-> REGRET (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName : Jelita Indriani Sari
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
Date : Wednesday, January 15 2014
Past perfect tense
It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
For example,
I had lived in America. (The sense of time in this sentence refers to a completed action in past and especially a long time ago)
The students had gone before the teacher came. (The first part of sentence “The student has gone” is sentence of past perfect tense, it says about an action which occurred before another action in past which is “the teacher came”. The second part “the teacher came” is sentence of past simple tense. So such a sentence which express an action in past before another action in past comprises two parts where the first part of sentence is past perfect tense)
Rules. Auxiliary verb “had” is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb (past participle) is used as main verb in sentence
Structure of sentence.
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples.
He had taken the exam last year
A thief had stolen my watch.
Negative sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.
Examples.
He had not taken the exam last year
A thief had not stolen my watch.
Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had”
Examples.
Had he taken the exam last year
Had a thief stolen my watch?
Third Conditional: no possibility
The first conditional and second conditionals talk about the future. With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle
MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
• I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
conditional : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
critism (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
conditional : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
critism (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go skiing.
Name : Riva Noor Lestari
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
Date : wednesday, January 15 2014
Past perfect tense
It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
For example,
I had lived in America. (The sense of time in this sentence refers to a completed action in past and especially a long time ago)
The students had gone before the teacher came. (The first part of sentence “The student has gone” is sentence of past perfect tense, it says about an action which occurred before another action in past which is “the teacher came”. The second part “the teacher came” is sentence of past simple tense. So such a sentence which express an action in past before another action in past comprises two parts where the first part of sentence is past perfect tense)
Rules. Auxiliary verb “had” is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb (past participle) is used as main verb in sentence
Structure of sentence.
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples.
He had taken the exam last year
A thief had stolen my watch.
Negative sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.
Examples.
He had not taken the exam last year
A thief had not stolen my watch.
Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had”
Examples.
Had he taken the exam last year
Had a thief stolen my watch?
Third Conditional: no possibility
The first conditional and second conditionals talk about the future. With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle
MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
• I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
conditional : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
critism (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
conditional : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
critism (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go skiing.
Name : Annisa Windyana W
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
No : 05
Date : Wednesday,January 15 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object
(-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object
(?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Arti Harini
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
No : 06
Date : Wednesday, January 15 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object
(-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object
(?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Novi Nurhadiyanti
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
No : 27
Date : Wednesday, January 15 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object
(-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object
(?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Dian Dwi Haryanti
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
No : 09
Date : Wednesday, January 15 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object
(-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object
(?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Ilya Nur Arifin
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
No : 17
Date : Wednesday, January 15 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object
(-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object
(?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Nur Halimah
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
No : 28
Date : Wednesday, January 15 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The fomula of Past Perfect Tense :
(+) Suject + had + Past Participle + Object
(-) Subject + had not + Past Participle + Object
(?) Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing
Name : Moch. Sandi Alfansuri
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
Date : wednesday, 15 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb
conjugated in simple past tense past participle
had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb.
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I had finished my work.
+ You had stopped before me.
- She had not gone to school.
- We had not left.
? Had you arrived?
? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example:
•They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.
•I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before.
We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered:
examples:
•He told us that the train had left.
•I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences
The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:
IF clause main clause
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:
main clause IF clause
I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional:
IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb*
main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle
*The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam.
Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret:
Example Explanation
If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.
If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game.
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Andi Armansyah
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
Date : Wednesday, 15 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb
conjugated in simple past tense past participle
had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb.
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I had finished my work.
+ You had stopped before me.
- She had not gone to school.
- We had not left.
? Had you arrived?
? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example:
•They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.
•I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before.
We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered:
examples:
•He told us that the train had left.
•I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences
The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:
IF clause main clause
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:
main clause IF clause
I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional:
IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb*
main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle
*The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam.
Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret:
Example Explanation
If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.
If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game.
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName : Dicky Syarief Sulaiman
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
Date : 15 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb
conjugated in simple past tense past participle
had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb.
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I had finished my work.
+ You had stopped before me.
- She had not gone to school.
- We had not left.
? Had you arrived?
? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example:
•They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.
•I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before.
We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered:
examples:
•He told us that the train had left.
•I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences
The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:
IF clause main clause
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:
main clause IF clause
I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional:
IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb*
main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle
*The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam.
Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret:
Example Explanation
If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.
If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game.
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Nur Hasanah
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
No : 29
Date : 15 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is an action that happened (and finished) before another action in the past.
Structure of sentence
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Look at the following sentences. Which happened first?
We are felt so sick. We took strange medicine
We can only assume that the people in the above situation, first, felt sick and then took strange medicine. However, in English, there is grammar that can make the above situation very clear. It is called the past perfect.
What happened first? What happened second?
For example:
First: I ate breakfast.
Second: I went to school.
The answer is = Before I went to school, I had eaten breakfast.
REMEMBER: Both of these activities happened in the past! However, one happened before the other.
What do you notice about the past perfect? First, you should have noticed that the past perfect is the action (had eaten breakfast) that happened BEFORE the other action in the past (went to school).
Third Conditional Sentence
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
If + Subject + Had + Past Participle,
+ Subject + Modal + Have + Past Participle
Imaginary situations in the past
This includes actions that did not happen in the past.
For examples:
• If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine.
• If You had gone to the party, you would have met him.
Describes what you would have done differently
Example:
• If I had been you, I would not have bought those shoes.
• If I had thought about it, I wouldn't have eaten so much.
Name : Ita Purnamasari
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 2
No : 18
Date : Wednesday, 15 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is an action that happened (and finished) before another action in the past.
Structure of sentence
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Look at the following sentences. Which happened first?
We are felt so sick. We took strange medicine
We can only assume that the people in the above situation, first, felt sick and then took strange medicine. However, in English, there is grammar that can make the above situation very clear. It is called the past perfect.
What happened first? What happened second?
For example:
First: I ate breakfast.
Second: I went to school.
The answer is = Before I went to school, I had eaten breakfast.
REMEMBER: Both of these activities happened in the past! However, one happened before the other.
What do you notice about the past perfect? First, you should have noticed that the past perfect is the action (had eaten breakfast) that happened BEFORE the other action in the past (went to school).
Third Conditional Sentence
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
If + Subject + Had + Past Participle,
+ Subject + Modal + Have + Past Participle
Imaginary situations in the past
This includes actions that did not happen in the past.
For examples:
• If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine.
• If You had gone to the party, you would have met him.
Describes what you would have done differently
Example:
• If I had been you, I would not have bought those shoes.
• If I had thought about it, I wouldn't have eaten so much.
Nama : Vina Nirma Suhastin
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
No : 38
Date : Wednesday, 15 January 2013
Past Perfect Tense
It is an action that happened (and finished) before another action in the past.
Structure of sentence
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Look at the following sentences. Which happened first?
We are felt so sick. We took strange medicine
We can only assume that the people in the above situation, first, felt sick and then took strange medicine. However, in English, there is grammar that can make the above situation very clear. It is called the past perfect.
What happened first? What happened second?
For example:
First: I ate breakfast.
Second: I went to school.
The answer is = Before I went to school, I had eaten breakfast.
REMEMBER: Both of these activities happened in the past! However, one happened before the other.
What do you notice about the past perfect? First, you should have noticed that the past perfect is the action (had eaten breakfast) that happened BEFORE the other action in the past (went to school).
Third Conditional Sentence
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
If + Subject + Had + Past Participle,
+ Subject + Modal + Have + Past Participle
Imaginary situations in the past
This includes actions that did not happen in the past.
For examples:
• If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine.
• If You had gone to the party, you would have met him.
Describes what you would have done differently
Example:
• If I had been you, I would not have bought those shoes.
• If I had thought about it, I wouldn't have eaten so much.
Name: Dewi Cahya Wulan
ReplyDeleteClass: XII Social 2
No: 8
Date: January 15th 2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is an action that happened (and finished) before another action in the past.
Structure of sentence
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Look at the following sentences. Which happened first?
We are felt so sick. We took strange medicine
We can only assume that the people in the above situation, first, felt sick and then took strange medicine. However, in English, there is grammar that can make the above situation very clear. It is called the past perfect.
What happened first? What happened second?
For example:
First: I ate breakfast.
Second: I went to school.
The answer is = Before I went to school, I had eaten breakfast.
REMEMBER: Both of these activities happened in the past! However, one happened before the other.
What do you notice about the past perfect? First, you should have noticed that the past perfect is the action (had eaten breakfast) that happened BEFORE the other action in the past (went to school).
Third Conditional Sentence
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
If + Subject + Had + Past Participle,
+ Subject + Modal + Have + Past Participle
Imaginary situations in the past
This includes actions that did not happen in the past.
For examples:
• If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine.
• If You had gone to the party, you would have met him.
Describes what you would have done differently
Example:
• If I had been you, I would not have bought those shoes.
• If I had thought about it, I wouldn't have eaten so much.
NAME : Nivan Yuslian
ReplyDeleteCLASS : XII Social 2
NO : 26
DATE : 15 JANUARY 2014
# Past Perfect Tense
=> Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on this page.
Example :
- I hadn't left for work
- The party hadn’t begun before we arrived
- Had I left for work?
=> The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
- The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began)
-When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
=> The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
# Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle
MAIN CLAUSE : Subject+Would+Have+Past Participle*
Example :
- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
- I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
-If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
- I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY) : You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY) : It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
NAME : Nivan Yuslian
ReplyDeleteCLASS : XII Social 2
NO : 26
DATE : 15 JANUARY 2014
# Past Perfect Tense
=> Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on this page.
Example :
- I hadn't left for work
- The party hadn’t begun before we arrived
- Had I left for work?
=> The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
- The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began)
-When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
=> The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
# Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle
MAIN CLAUSE : Subject+Would+Have+Past Participle*
Example :
- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
- I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
-If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
- I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY) : You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY) : It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Vivi Mar'atul Qibtiyah
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 2
Date : 15 January 2014
No : 40
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle.
(+) Subject + Had + V3/Past Participle + Object
(-) Subject + Had not + V3/Past Participle + Object
(?) Had + Subject + V3/Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and show than activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
-> The Party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrive -- before the party began).
-> When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
-> After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
-> Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years."
-> Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expression such "if" only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
-> If only you had told me!
-> I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
-> If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
-> If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditional, a Third Conditional Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and main clause.
->IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle
-> MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would + have + Past Participle (the modals could and might can also be used for Main Clause)
If the "if" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
-> If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
-> I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
-> If I'd studied harder, I probably wouldn't passed the exam.
-> I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
-> CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
-> CRITICISM (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
-> CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
-> REGRET (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
NAME : DIRMAN RIYADI
ReplyDeleteCLASS : XII SOCIAL 2
NO : 12
DATE : 15 JANUARY 2014
Past Perfect Tense
=> Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on this page.
Example :
- I hadn't left for work
- The party hadn’t begun before we arrived
- Had I left for work?
=> The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
- The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began)
-When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
=> The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : IF+Subject+Past Participle
MAIN CLAUSE : Subject+Would+Have+Past Participle*
Example :
- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
- I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
-If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
- I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY) : You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY) : It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing
Name : Jaka sanjaya
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
Date : 15 January 2014
No : 19
PAST PERFECT TENSE
The usage of Past Perfet Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard.
Notice that Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table.
The Past Perfect is used in connection to The Past Tense and shows that an activity was complited at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Complited activity: more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
• After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Comlited activit: he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways:
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
• Direct: The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
• Repor: The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would
rather are commonly used in such as sentences.
• If only you had told me!
• I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
• If Clara had known the fact, she would have told you.
• If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional Sentence (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is past conditional sentences. This is a structure for impossible conditional or unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle
MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
• I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
Name : Ratih Yuni Pratiwi
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : Thursday, 16th January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Definition:
The past perfect talks about “action” that has been completed or occur before a certain time or another “action” in the past. It talks about “action” that started in the past and is still in progress at a given time or when other events occur in the past. It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
Generally when, by the time, before followed by simple past tense forms, whereas after generally followed the past perfect.
Time expressions are common: by the time, before, after, when, by, etc.
Structure of sentence
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples
He had lived here for 10 years when he retired.
He had finished his homework before I came.
Negative sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.
Examples
He had not lived here for 10 years when he retired.
He had not finished his homework before I came.
Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened.
*The 3rd conditional form:
If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES:
*the past perfect tense = had + past participle
*in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted:
I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d
*Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction.
Common uses of this sentence structure:
1.What would you have done if … ?
What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university?
What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help?
What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again?
2. If I had known…
If I had known that you needed help, I would have come!
If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital.
We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed.
If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you.
I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you!
3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently
If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it.
If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job.
4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes
If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work!
It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
Name : Weni Yulianingsih
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : Thursday, 16th January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Definition:
The past perfect talks about “action” that has been completed or occur before a certain time or another “action” in the past. It talks about “action” that started in the past and is still in progress at a given time or when other events occur in the past. It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
Generally when, by the time, before followed by simple past tense forms, whereas after generally followed the past perfect.
Time expressions are common: by the time, before, after, when, by, etc.
Structure of sentence
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples
He had lived here for 10 years when he retired.
He had finished his homework before I came.
Negative sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.
Examples
He had not lived here for 10 years when he retired.
He had not finished his homework before I came.
Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened.
*The 3rd conditional form:
If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES:
*the past perfect tense = had + past participle
*in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted:
I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d
*Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction.
Common uses of this sentence structure:
1.What would you have done if … ?
What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university?
What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help?
What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again?
2. If I had known…
If I had known that you needed help, I would have come!
If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital.
We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed.
If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you.
I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you!
3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently
If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it.
If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job.
4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes
If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work!
It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
Name : Fajar Hidayatulloh
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : Thursday, 16th January 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Definition:
The past perfect talks about “action” that has been completed or occur before a certain time or another “action” in the past. It talks about “action” that started in the past and is still in progress at a given time or when other events occur in the past. It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
Generally when, by the time, before followed by simple past tense forms, whereas after generally followed the past perfect.
Time expressions are common: by the time, before, after, when, by, etc.
Structure of sentence
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples
He had lived here for 10 years when he retired.
He had finished his homework before I came.
Negative sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.
Examples
He had not lived here for 10 years when he retired.
He had not finished his homework before I came.
Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened.
*The 3rd conditional form:
If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES:
*the past perfect tense = had + past participle
*in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted:
I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d
*Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction.
Common uses of this sentence structure:
1.What would you have done if … ?
What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university?
What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help?
What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again?
2. If I had known…
If I had known that you needed help, I would have come!
If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital.
We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed.
If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you.
I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you!
3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently
If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it.
If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job.
4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes
If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work!
It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
Name : Dicky Oktavian
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
Date : Thursday, 16 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb
conjugated in simple past tense past participle
had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb.
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I had finished my work.
+ You had stopped before me.
- She had not gone to school.
- We had not left.
? Had you arrived?
? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example:
•They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.
•I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before.
We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered:
examples:
•He told us that the train had left.
•I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences
The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:
IF clause main clause
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:
main clause IF clause
I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional:
IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb*
main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle
*The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam.
Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret:
Example Explanation
If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.
If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game.
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Ahmad Farhan
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 2
Date : Thursday, 16 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb
conjugated in simple past tense past participle
had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb.
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I had finished my work.
+ You had stopped before me.
- She had not gone to school.
- We had not left.
? Had you arrived?
? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example:
•They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.
•I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before.
We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered:
examples:
•He told us that the train had left.
•I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences
The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:
IF clause main clause
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:
main clause IF clause
I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional:
IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb*
main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle
*The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam.
Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret:
Example Explanation
If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.
If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game.
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
AM
ReplyDeleteName : imam nugroho
Class : XII social 3
Date : 16 january 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past
Participle. Pay attention to the
sentences in this page.
Example :
- I hadn't finish my assignment
- They had not do that
- Had I left you behind
The Past Perfect is used in connection
to the Past Tense and shows that an
activity was completed at or before
some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone
had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived –
before the party began)
• When he finally stopped talking, we all
realized that more than an hour had
passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour
passed when he stopped talking)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in
these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or
Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech
is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have
studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he
had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an
unrealized wish that something in the
past had been different. Expressions
such as if only, wish, would rather are
commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact
Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she
would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t
have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third
Conditional Sentence consists of two
clauses, an “if” Clause and a main
clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject +
would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma
(,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause
comes second, there is no need for a
comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have
passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the
exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study
hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably
would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if
I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk
about things which did not happenin the
past. If your native language does not
have similar construction, you may find
this little strange but it can be very
useful. It is often used to express
criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could
have bought a computer. You didn’t
save your money, so now you can’t
afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone
skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go
skiing.
AM
ReplyDeleteName : kristoforus marta perdana
Class : XII Social 3
Date : 16 january 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past
Participle. Pay attention to the
sentences in this page.
Example :
- I hadn't finish my assignment
- They had not do that
- Had I left you behind
The Past Perfect is used in connection
to the Past Tense and shows that an
activity was completed at or before
some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone
had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived –
before the party began)
• When he finally stopped talking, we all
realized that more than an hour had
passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour
passed when he stopped talking)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in
these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or
Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech
is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have
studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he
had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an
unrealized wish that something in the
past had been different. Expressions
such as if only, wish, would rather are
commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact
Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she
would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t
have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third
Conditional Sentence consists of two
clauses, an “if” Clause and a main
clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject +
would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma
(,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause
comes second, there is no need for a
comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have
passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the
exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study
hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably
would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if
I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk
about things which did not happenin the
past. If your native language does not
have similar construction, you may find
this little strange but it can be very
useful. It is often used to express
criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could
have bought a computer. You didn’t
save your money, so now you can’t
afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have goune
skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go
skiing.
AM
ReplyDeleteName : cahya dharmawan
Class : XII Social 3
Date : 16 january 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past
Participle. Pay attention to the
sentences in this page.
Example :
- I hadn't finish my assignment
- They had not do that
- Had I left you behind
The Past Perfect is used in connection
to the Past Tense and shows that an
activity was completed at or before
some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone
had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived –
before the party began)
• When he finally stopped talking, we all
realized that more than an hour had
passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour
passed when he stopped talking)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in
these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or
Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech
is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have
studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he
had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an
unrealized wish that something in the
past had been different. Expressions
such as if only, wish, would rather are
commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact
Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she
would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t
have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third
Conditional Sentence consists of two
clauses, an “if” Clause and a main
clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject +
would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma
(,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause
comes second, there is no need for a
comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have
passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the
exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study
hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably
would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if
I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk
about things which did not happenin the
past. If your native language does not
have similar construction, you may find
this little strange but it can be very
useful. It is often used to express
criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could
have bought a computer. You didn’t
save your money, so now you can’t
afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone
skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go
skiing.
AM
ReplyDeleteName : teguh afriansyah
Class : XII Social 3
Date : 16 january 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past
Participle. Pay attention to the
sentences in this page.
Example :
- I hadn't finish my assignment
- They had not do that
- Had I left you behind
The Past Perfect is used in connection
to the Past Tense and shows that an
activity was completed at or before
some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone
had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived –
before the party began)
• When he finally stopped talking, we all
realized that more than an hour had
passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour
passed when he stopped talking)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in
these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or
Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech
is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have
studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he
had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an
unrealized wish that something in the
past had been different. Expressions
such as if only, wish, would rather are
commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact
Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she
would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t
have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third
Conditional Sentence consists of two
clauses, an “if” Clause and a main
clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject +
would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma
(,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause
comes second, there is no need for a
comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have
passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the
exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study
hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably
would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if
I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk
about things which did not happenin the
past. If your native language does not
have similar construction, you may find
this little strange but it can be very
useful. It is often used to express
criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could
have bought a computer. You didn’t
save your money, so now you can’t
afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone
skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go
skiing.
name : Hermawan andhi
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : 16 january 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past
Participle. Pay attention to the
sentences in this page.
Example :
- I hadn't finish my assignment
- They had not do that
- Had I left you behind
The Past Perfect is used in connection
to the Past Tense and shows that an
activity was completed at or before
some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone
had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived –
before the party began)
• When he finally stopped talking, we all
realized that more than an hour had
passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour
passed when he stopped talking)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in
these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or
Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech
is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have
studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he
had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an
unrealized wish that something in the
past had been different. Expressions
such as if only, wish, would rather are
commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact
Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she
would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t
have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third
Conditional Sentence consists of two
clauses, an “if” Clause and a main
clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject +
would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma
(,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause
comes second, there is no need for a
comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have
passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the
exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study
hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably
would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if
I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk
about things which did not happenin the
past. If your native language does not
have similar construction, you may find
this little strange but it can be very
useful. It is often used to express
criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could
have bought a computer. You didn’t
save your money, so now you can’t
afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone
skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go
skiing.
Name : denny apriansyah
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : 17 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page.
Example :
- I hadn't finish my assignment
- They had not do that
- Had I left you behind
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began)
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : andes sugiarto
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : 17 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page.
Example :
- I hadn't finish my assignment
- They had not do that
- Had I left you behind
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began)
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : matius hangoluan
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : 17 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page.
Example :
- I hadn't finish my assignment
- They had not do that
- Had I left you behind
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began)
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Reza Guevara Ning
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : Friday, 17 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page.
Example :
- I hadn't finish my assignment
- They had not do that
- Had I left you behind
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began)
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName : Lyla Arum Nalangsi Putri
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : January 17 2014
Past perfect tense
It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
For example,
I had lived in America. (The sense of time in this sentence refers to a completed action in past and especially a long time ago)
The students had gone before the teacher came. (The first part of sentence “The student has gone” is sentence of past perfect tense, it says about an action which occurred before another action in past which is “the teacher came”. The second part “the teacher came” is sentence of past simple tense. So such a sentence which express an action in past before another action in past comprises two parts where the first part of sentence is past perfect tense)
Rules. Auxiliary verb “had” is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb (past participle) is used as main verb in sentence
Structure of sentence.
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples.
He had taken the exam last year
A thief had stolen my watch.
Negative sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.
Examples.
He had not taken the exam last year
A thief had not stolen my watch.
Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had”
Examples.
Had he taken the exam last year
Had a thief stolen my watch?
Third Conditional: no possibility
The first conditional and second conditionals talk about the future. With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle
MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
• I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
conditional : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
critism (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
conditional : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
critism (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go skiing.
Name : Linda Romandhani
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 3
Date : Friday, 17 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).
The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.
The Past Perfect Tense is used:
1. to show an action happened in the past before another event took place.
Words usually used with the Past Perfect tense are when and after.
Example: They had already finished their dinner when I arrived to join them.
Words such as already, just and as soon as are also used with the Past Perfect tense.
Example: It had already stopped raining when I bought an umbrella.
2. for an action which happened before a definite time in the past.
Example: They had finished their prayers by ten o'clock.
3. for an action which took place and completed in the past.
Example: He had hurt his back in an accident at work and he had to stay at home for three months.
(The action happened and he suffered the consequences all in the past)
4. for states.
Example: They had become good friends for many years after meeting on holiday.
Sometimes the past perfect tense and the past simple tense are used separately in different sentences.
Example: This morning we visited John in the hospital. He had just been admitted with stomach pains.
The past simple tense precedes the past perfect tense. Notice the action in the past perfect tense happened first.
Past perfect tense used after certain expressions:
I knew (that) his brother had gone to work overseas.
I didn't know (that) he had stopped smoking.
I thought (that) we had got on the wrong train.
Third Conditional Tense
The Third Conditional is a structure for past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened.
Example :
If I hadn’t eaten so much, I wouldn’t have gotten* so fat.
The if clause is unreal. It did not happen. The result is what would have happened IF the if clause were real:
Example :
If I hadn’t eaten so much,
Did I eat a lot? Yes, I did. However, I’m imagining what would have happened if I hadn’t eaten so much.
What would have happened if I hadn’t eaten so much? The result:
Example :
…I wouldn’t have gotten* so fat.
Am I fat now? Yes. I would not be fat now if hadn’t eaten so much in the past. If I ate well in the past, I would not be fat now.
*In American English, ‘gotten’ is used at the past participle of ‘got.’ In British English, ‘gotten’ is not used.
The Third Conditional form:
If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES:
*the past perfect tense = had + past participle
*in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted:
I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d
*Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction
Common uses of this sentence structure:
1.What would you have done if … ?
What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university?
What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help?
2. If I had known…
If I had known that you needed help, I would have come!
We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed.
3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently.
4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes:
If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work!
It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
More example sentences:
- If I hadn’t gone to the party, I would have never met my husband.
- We would have gone out last night if we hadn’t been so tired
Name : Sherly Sharon Sianturi
ReplyDeleteClass :XII Social 3
Date : Friday, January 17 2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is an action that happened (and finished) before another action in the past.
Structure of sentence
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Look at the following sentences. Which happened first?
We are felt so sick. We took strange medicine
We can only assume that the people in the above situation, first, felt sick and then took strange medicine. However, in English, there is grammar that can make the above situation very clear. It is called the past perfect.
What happened first? What happened second?
For example:
First: I ate breakfast.
Second: I went to school.
The answer is = Before I went to school, I had eaten breakfast.
REMEMBER: Both of these activities happened in the past! However, one happened before the other.
What do you notice about the past perfect? First, you should have noticed that the past perfect is the action (had eaten breakfast) that happened BEFORE the other action in the past (went to school).
Third Conditional Sentence
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
If + Subject + Had + Past Participle,
+ Subject + Modal + Have + Past Participle
Imaginary situations in the past
This includes actions that did not happen in the past.
For examples:
• If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine.
• If You had gone to the party, you would have met him.
Describes what you would have done differently
Example:
• If I had been you, I would not have bought those shoes.
• If I had thought about it, I wouldn't have eaten so much
Name :MUHAMMAD RIZAL SYAUQI AMIN
ReplyDeleteClass :XII SOCIAL 3
Date :January 17,Friday 2014
THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
This is the action that occurs and has been finished, and there are other actions
FORM
[ had + past participle ]
EXAMPLES:
You had studied English before you moved to New York.
When I woke up this morning, my roommate had left already.
After I had eaten my dinner, I went to see a movie.
The past perfect tense is used to refer to actions that took place and were completed in the past. The past perfect is often used to emphasize that one action, event or condition ended before another past action, event, or condition began.
Each of the highlighted verbs in the following sentences is in the past perfect.
Angelo arrived at 5:00 p.m. but Mr. Kintanar had closed the store.
- All the events in this sentence took place in the past, but the act of closing the store takes place before Angelo arrives at the store.
After we located the restaurant that Keith had raved about, we ate supper there every Friday.
- Here the praise ("had raved") precedes the finding ("located") of the restaurant. Both actions took place sometime before the moment of speaking or writing.
The elephant had eaten all the hay so we fed it oats for a week.
- In this sentence, both actions take place in the past, but the eating of the hay ("had eaten") preceded the eating of the oats ("fed").
The heat wave had lasted three weeks.
- While the sentence "The heat wave has lasted three weeks" suggests that a condition began in the past and continues into the present, this sentence describes an action that began and ended sometime in the past ("had lasted"). By using the the past perfect the writer indicates that the heat wave has no connection to any events occurring in the present.
After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent.
- Here the learning took place and was completed at a specific time in the past. By using the past perfect rather than the simple past ("learned"), the writer emphasizes that the learning preceded the feeling of independence.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional Sentence is past conditional sentences. This is a structure for impossible conditional or unreal situation in the past.
The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle
MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
• I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a car.
CRITISM (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a car.
CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone fishing.
CRITISM (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go fishing.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName : Winda Dwi Agustiani
ReplyDeleteClass :XII Social 3
Date : Friday, 17-01-2014
Past Perfect Tense
When we talk about something that happened in the past we sometimes want to refer back to something that happened before that time. We can use the past perfect tense
Positive: S + had + V3
Negative: S + had + not + V3
Introgative: Had + S + V3
Example:
(+) My brother had slept
(+) They had come
( - ) My brother hadn’t slept
( - ) They hadn’t come
(?) Had my brother come?
(?) Had they come?
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. To replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : Tino said, “I have worked hard all year.”
- Reported : Tino said that he had worked hard all year.
b. In certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only,wish,would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. In certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If I had enough time yesterday, I could have gone to the zoo.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
If clause : If + Subject + Past Perfect
Main clause : Subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Examples :
- If he had worked harder, he would have been a success man.
- He probably would have been a success man if he had worked harder.
(Reality : He failed, because he didn’t work hard enough).
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
Conditional : If I had enough money last night, I could have gone to the concert.
Reality : I didn’t have enough money last night, so I couldn’t go to the concert.
Name : Marisa Gustiani Putri
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : Friday, 17 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
The structure of the Past Perfect Tense is : subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb
Examples :
- Silverfinger had taken the pill before the team reached him.
(First: He took the pill. Next: The team reached him.)
- I had called police before I investigated the noise in the garden.
(First: I called the police. Next: I investigated the noise.)
- The weather changed, but the team had planned its next move.
(First: The team planned. Next: The weather changed.)
For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb.
Examples :
( - ) Silverfinger had not taken the pill before the team reached him.
( - ) I had not called police before I investigated the noise in the garden.
( - ) The weather changed, and the team had not planned its next move.
( ? ) Had Silverfinger taken the pill before the team reached him?
( ? ) Had the team planned its next move before the weather changed?
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. To replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : Tino said, “I have worked hard all year.”
- Reported : Tino said that he had worked hard all year.
b. In certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only,wish,would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. In certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If I had enough time yesterday, I could have gone to the zoo.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
If clause : If + Subject + Past Perfect
Main clause : Subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Examples :
- If he had worked harder, he would have been a success man.
- He probably would have been a success man if he had worked harder.
(Reality : He failed, because he didn’t work hard enough).
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
Conditional : If I had enough money last night, I could have gone to the concert.
Reality : I didn’t have enough money last night, so I couldn’t go to the concert.
Name : Via Anggria Wisanti
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : Friday, 17-01-2014
Past Perfect Tense
When we talk about something that happened in the past we sometimes want to refer back to something that happened before that time. We can use the past perfect tense. Past perfect tense from auxiliary verb “had”, and past participle (verb-3).
Positive: S + had + V3
Negative: S + had + not + V3
Introgative: Had + S + V3
Examples :
(+) When Mrs Brown opened the washing machine she realised she had washed the cat.
I got a letter from Jim last week. We had been at school together but we had lost touch with each other.
(-) When Mrs Brown opened the washing machine she realised she hadn’t washed the cat.
I got a letter from Jim last week. We had been at school together and we hadn’t lost touch with each other
(?) Had Mrs Brown wash the cat?
Had they lost touch with each other?
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. To replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : Tino said, “I have worked hard all year.”
- Reported : Tino said that he had worked hard all year.
b. In certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only,wish,would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. In certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If I had enough time yesterday, I could have gone to the zoo.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
If clause : If + Subject + Past Perfect
Main clause : Subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Examples :
- If he had worked harder, he would have been a success man.
- He probably would have been a success man if he had worked harder.
(Reality : He failed, because he didn’t work hard enough).
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
Conditional : If I had enough money last night, I could have gone to the concert.
Reality : I didn’t have enough money last night, so I couldn’t go to the concert.
Name: Astri Amalia
ReplyDeleteClass : xii social 3
Date: saturday,18-01-2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect use form: had + past participle
(+) subject + had +verb 3 + object
(-) subject + had + not + verb 3 + object
(?) had + subject + verb 3 + object
Past perfect tense is used in connection to the past tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began).
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
•Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
•Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
•if only you had told me!
•I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
• if Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
•if we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
Function :
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret
Conditional : If Nissa had come to the party, she would have been the wost beautiful girl in the party.
Reality : Nissa didn’t came to the party, so she wasn’t the most beautiful girl in the party.
Name:meliyana eka sari
ReplyDeleteClass: xii social 3
Date: saturday18-01-2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is an action that happened (and finished) before another action in the past.
Structure of sentence
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Look at the following sentences. Which happened first?
We are felt so sick. We took strange medicine
We can only assume that the people in the above situation, first, felt sick and then took strange medicine. However, in English, there is grammar that can make the above situation very clear. It is called the past perfect.
What happened first? What happened second?
For example:
First: I ate breakfast.
Second: I went to school.
The answer is = Before I went to school, I had eaten breakfast.
REMEMBER: Both of these activities happened in the past! However, one happened before the other.
What do you notice about the past perfect? First, you should have noticed that the past perfect is the action (had eaten breakfast) that happened BEFORE the other action in the past (went to school).
Third Conditional Sentence
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
If + Subject + Had + Past Participle,
+ Subject + Modal + Have + Past Participle
Imaginary situations in the past
This includes actions that did not happen in the past.
For examples:
• If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine.
• If You had gone to the party, you would have met him.
Describes what you would have done differently
Example:
• If I had been you, I would not have bought those shoes.
• If I had thought about it, I wouldn't have eaten so much
Name: Aditya Prayoga
ReplyDeleteClass : xii social 3
Date: saturday,18-01-2014
Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect use form: had + past participle
(+) subject + had +verb 3 + object
(-) subject + had + not + verb 3 + object
(?) had + subject + verb 3 + object
Past perfect tense is used in connection to the past tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
• The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began).
• When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
•Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
•Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
•if only you had told me!
•I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
• if Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
•if we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
Function :
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret
Conditional : If Nissa had come to the party, she would have been the wost beautiful girl in the party.
Reality : Nissa didn’t came to the party, so she wasn’t the most beautiful girl in the party.
Reply
Name : Farhan Sayuti
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 3
Date : Saturday, 18 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
Structure of sentence
1. Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples:
He had taken the exam last year
A thief had stolen my watch.
2. Negative sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.
Examples:
He had not taken the exam last year
A thief had not stolen my watch.
3. Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had”
Examples.
Had he taken the exam last year
Had a thief stolen my watch?
More Example:
1. Positive sentences
They had visited a doctor.
He had slept.
I had finished my work last year.
It had rained heavily last month.
The film had started before we reached cinema.
2. Negative sentences
They had not visited a doctor.
He had not slept.
I had not finished my work last year.
It had not rained heavily last month.
The film had not started before we reached cinema.
3. Interrogative sentences
Had they visited a doctor?
Had he slept?
Had I finished my work last year?
Had it rained heavily last month?
Had the film started before we reached cinema.
Name : Farhan Sayuti
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 3
Date : Saturday, 18 January 2014
Past Perfect Tense
It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
Structure of sentence
1. Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples:
He had taken the exam last year
A thief had stolen my watch.
2. Negative sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.
Examples:
He had not taken the exam last year
A thief had not stolen my watch.
3. Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had”
Examples.
Had he taken the exam last year
Had a thief stolen my watch?
More Example:
1. Positive sentences
They had visited a doctor.
He had slept.
I had finished my work last year.
It had rained heavily last month.
The film had started before we reached cinema.
2. Negative sentences
They had not visited a doctor.
He had not slept.
I had not finished my work last year.
It had not rained heavily last month.
The film had not started before we reached cinema.
3. Interrogative sentences
Had they visited a doctor?
Had he slept?
Had I finished my work last year?
Had it rained heavily last month?
Had the film started before we reached cinema.
Name : M.Saiful Firman Firdaus
ReplyDeleteClass : XII IPS 3
Date : 18 January 2014
The Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is most often used for the following:
- For actions that happened before a past event
- In reported speech
- In if (conditional) sentences
How to form the past perfect | Past perfect continuous
For actions that happened before a past event
When we want to talk about an action that happened before a past event, we often use the past perfect. Look at these examples:
• When I hot home yesterday, my father had already cooked dinner.
• I didn’t want to go to the movies with my friends because I had seen the film already.
• My friend offered me an apple in class yesterday, but I wasn’t hungry because I had just eaten lunch.
• I arrived very late at the party. All my friends had already gone home.
• As soon as she had done her homework, she went to bed.
• I was very tired as I hadn’t slept well for several days.
• Had you seen the film before?
Notice how often words like already, just, never etc. are used with the past perfect.
In reported speech
The past perfect is common when we report people's words or thoughts .., as in the following examples:
• John said that he had never eaten sushi before.
• She told me that she had finished, but I knew she had not.
• She wondered why he had been so unkind to her.
• He told me he hadn’t done his homework, but he was hoping to finish it on the bus.
• I thought I had sent her a birthday card, but I was wrong.
In if (conditional) sentences
The past perfect tense is used in unreal or hypothetical stituations, as in the following sentences:
• If I had known you were in Frankfurt, I would have called you. (but I didn't know you were here so I didn't call you!)
• If I had had enough money, I would have bought you a better present. (but I didn't have enough money.)
• I would have been very angy if you had laughed when I got the answer wrong. (but you didn't laugh, so I wasn't angry.)
• She wouldn't have been able to finish, if you hadn't helped her. (but you did help her and she did finish.)
• I wish I had studied for my exams. (but I didn't study - and I got bad grades!)
• I would have been in big trouble if you hadn't helped me. (but you did help me so I stayed out of trouble.)
Name : Eka dian lestari
ReplyDeleteclass : XII.IPS.3
Date : 18 january 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfect Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard
Notice that Past Perfect Use form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences on the table in the next page.
(+) S + had + v3 / Past Participle + Object
(-) S +had not + v3 / past participle + Object
(?) Had + S + v3 / Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past
* The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived -- before the party began)
*When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
*After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these spesific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simole Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
*Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years."
*Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
*If only you had told me!
*I wish you had cone with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-favt Conditional Sentences.
*If clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
*If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional (commonly known Conditional Type 3) is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Condition Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
*IF CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle
*MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would+ have + Past Participle
If the "uf" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes secind, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
*If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
*I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
*If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
*I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar constructions, you may fibd this luttle strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL
-If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
CRITICISM (REALITY)
-You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL
-If it had snowed, we xould have gone skiing.
REGRET (REALITY)
-It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name: Rosiana Pratama Efendi
ReplyDeleteClass: XII IPS 3
Date: January, 18th 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
The structure of the past perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb
conjugated in simple past tense past participle
had V3
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb.
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I had finished my work.
+ You had stopped before me.
- She had not gone to school.
- We had not left.
? Had you arrived?
? Had they eaten dinner?
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example:
•They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.
•I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before.
We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered:
examples:
•He told us that the train had left.
•I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
Third Conditional Sentences
The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:
IF clause main clause
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:
main clause IF clause
I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional:
IF clause if + subject + past perfect verb*
main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle
*The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “had”, and the past participle (or third form) of the verb.
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form : If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam.
Contracted form : If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret:
Example Explanation
If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.
If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game.
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Srikandi Nur Hanunah
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : January, 18th 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of Past Perfect Tense
A. John answered all the questions correctly.
B. He had studied very hard.
Notice that Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle.
(+) Subject + Had + V3/Past Participle + Object
(-) Subject + Had not + V3/Past Participle + Object
(?) Had + Subject + V3/Past Participle + Object
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and show than activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
-> The Party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrive -- before the party began).
-> When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking).
-> After the meeting, we decided that he had not really said anything important.
(Completed activity : he did not say anything important before the meeting ended).
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
-> Direct : The teacher said, "I have studied the problem for years."
-> Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expression such "if" only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
-> If only you had told me!
-> I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
-> If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
-> If we had come earlier, we wouldn't have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
The Third Conditional is a structure for unreal situation in the past.
1. The Structure
Like other conditional, a Third Conditional Sentence consist of two clauses, an "if" Clause and main clause.
->IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle
-> MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would + have + Past Participle (the modals could and might can also be used for Main Clause)
If the "if" Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the "if" Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
-> If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
-> I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn't study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
-> If I'd studied harder, I probably wouldn't passed the exam.
-> I probably would've passed the exam if I'd studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
-> CONDITIONAL : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
-> CRITICISM (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
-> CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
-> REGRET (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Name : Christine Aprilya Tobing
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : January, 18th 2014
PAST PERFECT TENSE
The past perfect talks about action that has been completed or occur before a certain time or another action in the past. It talks about action that started in the past and is still in progress at a given time or when other events occur in the past. It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
Generally when, by the time, before followed by simple past tense forms, whereas after generally followed the past perfect.
Time expressions are common: by the time, before, after, when, by, etc.
Structure of sentence
1. Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples
She had lived here for 12 years when she retired.
She had finished her homework before I came.
2. Negative sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
*'Not' is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.*
Examples
She had not lived here for 10 years when she retired.
She had not finished her homework before I came.
3. Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened.
The 3rd conditional form:
If + past perfect, would have + past participle
NOTES:
*the past perfect tense = had + past participle
*in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted:
I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d
Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction.
Common uses of this sentence structure:
• What would you have done if … ?
What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university?
What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help?
What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again?
• If I had known…
If I had known that you needed help, I would have come!
If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital.
We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed.
If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you.
I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you!
• You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently
If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it.
If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job.
• You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes
If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work!
It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.
Name : M.Dimas Prawiro
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : January,18th 2014
Past Perfect Tense
The usage of past perfect tense :
A. John answered all the questions correctly
B. He had studied very hard
The pattern of The Past Perfect Tense as the following form :
(+) S + had + Verb-3/past participle
ex : My sister had slept
They had come
(-) S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle
ex : My sister hadn’t slept
They hadn’t come
(?) had + S + Verb-3/past participle
ex : Had my sister come
Had they come
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page.
Example :
- I hadn't finish my assignment
- They had not do that
- Had I left you behind
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
- The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began)
-When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name : Fransiska Rini W
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : January,18th 2014
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page.
Example :
- I hadn't finish my assignment
- They had not do that
- Had I left you behind
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
- The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began)
-When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name :AZKA FAHDIAL
ReplyDeleteClass :XII SOCIAL 3
Date :January 17,Friday 2014
Past perfect
When we talk about something that happened in the past we sometimes want to refer back to something that happened before that time. We can use the
past perfect
tense (had + past participle) to do this.
Look at these two sentences.
John left the house at 7:30 yesterday morning.
Mary rang John’s doorbell at 8:15 yesterday.
Both actions happened in the past so we use the past simple tense. But look at how we can combine the sentences.
Mary rang John’s doorbell at 8:15 yesterday but John had already left the house.
We use the past perfect (had left) because the action happened before another action in the past (Mary rang the doorbell.)
Look at some more examples of the past perfect.
When Mrs Brown opened the washing machine she realised she had washed the cat.
I got a letter from Jim last week. We’d been at school together but we’d lost touch with each other.
The past perfect is used because they were at school before he received the letter. It refers to an earlier past.
Look at these 2 sentences.
James had cooked breakfast when we got up.
James cooked breakfast when we got up.
In the first sentence, the past perfect tells us that James cooked breakfast before we got up. In the second sentence, first we got up and then James cooked breakfast.
Past perfect continuous
The past perfect can also be used in the continuous.
I realised I had been working too hard so I decided to have a holiday.
By the time Jane arrived we had been waiting for 3 hours.
NOTE
The most common mistake with the past perfect is to overuse it or to use it simply because we are talking about a time in the distant past.
The Romans had spoken Latin
Remember that we only use the past perfect when we want to refer to a past that is earlier than another time in the narrative.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
CONDITIONAL : If it had snowed, we could have gone fishing.
Name : Kristina Natalia
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : January,18th 2014
Past Perfect use the form : had + Past Participle. Pay attention to the sentences in this page.
Example :
- I hadn't finish my assignment
- They had not do that
- Had I left you behind
The Past Perfect is used in connection to the Past Tense and shows that an activity was completed at or before some definite time in the past.
- The party did not begin until everyone had arrived.
(Completed activity : everyone arrived – before the party began)
-When he finally stopped talking, we all realized that more than an hour had passed.
(Completed activity : more than an hour passed when he stopped talking)
The Past Perfect Tense is also used in these specific ways :
a. to replace the Present Perfect or Simple Past Tense when a Direct Speech is changed into Reported Speech.
- Direct : The teacher said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
- Reported : The teacher said that he had studied the problem for years.
b. in certain sentences to express an unrealized wish that something in the past had been different. Expressions such as if only, wish, would rather are commonly used in such sentences.
- If only you had told me!
- I wish you had come with us.
c. in certain contrary-to-fact Conditional Sentences.
- If Clara had known the facts, she would have told you.
- If we had come earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
Third Conditional Sentence
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Subject + Past Participle Subject + would + have + Past Participle
If the “if” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
Example :
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• If I’d studied harder, I probably would’ve passed the exam.
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2. The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which did not happenin the past. If your native language does not have similar construction, you may find this little strange but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
CONDITIONAL CRITICISM (REALITY)
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. You didn’t save your money, so now you can’t afford a computer.
CONDITIONAL REGRET (REALITY)
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.
Name :Puan Puteri
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : January 18 2014
Past perfect tense
It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.
For example,
I had lived in America. (The sense of time in this sentence refers to a completed action in past and especially a long time ago)
The students had gone before the teacher came. (The first part of sentence “The student has gone” is sentence of past perfect tense, it says about an action which occurred before another action in past which is “the teacher came”. The second part “the teacher came” is sentence of past simple tense. So such a sentence which express an action in past before another action in past comprises two parts where the first part of sentence is past perfect tense)
Rules. Auxiliary verb “had” is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb (past participle) is used as main verb in sentence
Structure of sentence.
Positive sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples.
He had taken the exam last year
A thief had stolen my watch.
Negative sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.
Examples.
He had not taken the exam last year
A thief had not stolen my watch.
Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had”
Examples.
Had he taken the exam last year
Had a thief stolen my watch?
Third Conditional: no possibility
The first conditional and second conditionals talk about the future. With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.
1. The Structure
Like other conditionals, a Third Conditional Sentences consists of two clauses, an "if" Clause and a main clause.
IF CLAUSE : If + Subject + Past Participle
MAIN CLAUSE : Subject + would/could/might/should +have + Past Participle
If the “If” Clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the “if” Clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
• I probably wouldhave passed the exam if I had studied harder
(Reality : I failed, because I didn’t study hard enough).
Contraction of form :
• I probably would’ve passed the exam if I’d studied harder.
2) The Function
The Third Conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
conditional : If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
critism (REALITY) : You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
conditional : If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
critism (REALITY) : It didn't snow, so we could't go skiing.
Name : Emi yanti
ReplyDeleteClass : XII Social 3
Date : January 19 2014
Past Perfect Tense.
Past perfect tense is commonly understood as a tense that expresses the one past time completed event or action before another past time event or action interrupting at that time.
The past perfect tense structure is made up of subject of the sentence and followed by the past participle form of auxiliary have (had) and then followed by the past participle form of regular or irregular verb, and then end the sentence, if there is any, with the object of the sentence
The formula:
Subject + past participle of Aux have (Had) + Past Participle verb + Object.
The example:
When I arrived at the birthday party, Lucy had already gone home
To add to the understanding of the use of the English phrase, sring past perfect tense is used in real situations, as follows:
• Past perfect is common after past verb of saying and thinking, to talk about thing that had happened before the saying and the thinking. For example:
1. I told her that I had finished
2. I thought I had sent the cheque a week before.
3. I wonder who had left the door open
• A common used of the past perfect tense is to indicate time that precedes a particular point in the past narration, for example:
1. The burglar alarm went off and a crowd of people began to gather. Soon, the police arrived. But they were too late. The thieves had already gone without any trace.
• The past perfect can be used to express an unrealized hope and wish, etc, for example:
1. I had hoped we would be able to leave tomorrow, but it is beginning to look difficult.
2. He had intended to make a cake, but he run out of time.
• Past perfect tense can be used after if, wish, and would rather, to talk about past event that did not happen, for example:
1. If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine.
2. I wish you had told me all the truth
3. I would rather she had asked me before borrowing the car.
conditional sentence
conditional sentence is a sentence modality used to express the imaginary situation of factual condition . Type factual condition ( condition of) the diimajinasikan that cause conditional sentence is divided into three namely ; conditional type 1 ( future factual condition ) , conditional sentence type 2 ( present factual condition ) and conditional sentence type3 ( past factual condition ) .
Formulas and how to make conditional sentences each sentence type is also different and much more based on pembentuknya tenses . For more details, see the table below :
Type
formula
example Sentences
Conditional sentence type 1
formula : If + Simple Present , Simple Future
Simple if + Simple Present Future
example sentence : If you invite me , I will come
I will repair it if you give the money
Conditional sentence type 2
formula : If + Simple Past, Past Future
If + Simple Past Future Past
example sentence : If you invited me , I would come
I would lend you some money if you PROMISED to return it soon
Conditional sentence type 3
formula : If + Past Perfect , Past Perfect Future
If + Past Perfect Future Past Perfect
example sentence: If you had invited me , I would not have come
I would have bought you a new phone if you had asked me